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Date submitted2022-06-28
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Date accepted2023-01-19
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Date published2023-02-27
Influence of mining rent on the efficiency of using natural potential: the paradox of plenty and its Russian specifics
- Authors:
- Arunas A. Lapinskas
The most powerful potential of Russia's natural resources is only partially realized, and determining the reasons for the insufficient efficiency of its use is a current research topic. The exploitation of mineral resources that bring mining rent (primarily oil and gas) gives rise to the so-called “paradox of plenty” (PP), which in some cases manifests itself as a significant slowdown in economic development. The purpose of the article is to clarify the signs, degree and forms of PP manifestation and related problems (“resource curse”, “oil curse”, etc.) in the Russian economy. Since the causes of these phenomena are usually associated with rent extraction and peculiarities of the institutional structure of the economy, the works of leading economists who support the theories of “rent-oriented behavior” and the role of public institutions in the process of the PP emergence were critically analyzed. To determine the signs and degree of PP manifestation and related problems, an analysis of determining the shares of oil and gas in the structure of exports, revenues from their sale in the federal budget, and oil and gas products in the structure of GDP, was made. It is concluded that there are no sufficient grounds for ascertaining clear signs of a “rent-oriented” Russian economy and a “resource curse”; important counteracting factors that refute the unambiguous conclusions about the high degree of PP impact on the Russian economy were identified. The author's interpretation of the role of public institutions, the factors of formation and forms of PP manifestation, the specifics of differential mining rent and its role in the formation of PP are proposed; options for solving problems generated by PP – directions for improving the tax system in the field of oil and gas, etc.; substantiation of the need to develop a strategic state program for diversifying the sectoral structure of the Russian economy; directions for adjusting economic policy in the field of oil and gas industry development, etc.
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Date submitted2022-06-01
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Date accepted2022-09-06
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Date published2022-11-10
Impact of EU carbon border adjustment mechanism on the economic efficiency of Russian oil refining
- Authors:
- Vladimir L. Ulanov
- Oleg N. Skorobogatko
The carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) leads not only to the expected environmental changes, but also to the transformation of market environment. The study estimates the losses of the oil refining sector from the introduction of CBAM for the export of oil products from Russia to the countries of the European Union. An approach to assess the impact of CBAM on the cost of oil products has been formed and the mechanisms of its impact on the economy of Russian oil refineries have been identified. The study was carried out on the basis of actual data on the volume of greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with the current rules of the European emissions trading system. Decomposition of assessments of the CBAM impact was carried out into direct and indirect effects, as well as the effect of adaptation. It is shown that with the introduction of the CBAM mechanism, the prices of oil products in the domestic market will be determined not only by the logistical factor, but also by the requirements for environmental friendliness of oil refining. The introduction of CBAM will have a significant impact on the economics of oil refining, including refineries that do not export to the EU. The total impact of CBAM on the economy of Russian oil refineries will be about 250 mln dollars.
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Date submitted2019-06-30
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Date accepted2019-09-10
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Date published2019-12-24
Industrial safety principles in coal mining
- Authors:
- E. N. Chemezov
The article provides a description of injuries in coal mining enterprises in Russia. The high injury rate causes the need of developing new effective ways and means of improving safety at mining enterprises. Recently in Russia there has been a tendency for a slight decrease in fatal injuries, which indicates some progress in prevention of industrial accidents. At the same time, the problem of improving the working conditions of coal miners, reducing the level of injuries and occupational diseases in this industry remains a very urgent task. Ensuring safe operation and industrial health and safety is not only reasonable economic policy but one of the constitutional human rights. At Russian coal mining enterprises, they take measures to reduce injuries, the supervisory authorities and employees of the enterprises carry out certain work to comply with safety requirements. However, significant success has not yet been achieved. Despite the fatal injuries and accidents, the issue of industrial mining safety is not becoming a top priority. Occupational safety measures are often financed on a «left-over» principle, and therefore remain not implemented. Many managers do not pay enough attention to safety issues and have little control over the planned activities in this area. The article analyzes the causes of injuries and proposes the key directions for creating normal working conditions in coal mining enterprises.
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Date submitted2009-09-07
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Date accepted2009-11-21
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Date published2010-06-25
Role of industrial out-movement in natural resources development of USSR in the 1920-1930th years
- Authors:
- I. V. Voloshinova
Migration politics is the main part of economic and social development of the country. State regulation of migration flows in Russia is a problem, which considers a lot of factors including the size of the territory, the scheme of resettlement, the length of border, the peculiarities of development of separate regions, labor market and etc. At regulation of migration flow such problems as rationalization of area distribution, effective usage of labour resources, formation of labour market and market lodging, increasing of qualification level of population are considered. Migration plays an important role of national politics and is one of priorities of government. This article considers the bases of rational resettlement and usage of labour resources in development of natural recourses.