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Date submitted2020-05-26
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Date accepted2020-09-23
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Date published2020-12-29
Automated ventilation control in mines. Challenges, state of the art, areas for improvement
The article is divided into three main parts. The first part provides an overview of the existing literature on theoretical methods for calculating the optimal air distribution in mines according to the criteria of energy efficiency and providing all sections of mines with the required amount of air. It is shown that by the current moment there are many different formulations of the problem of searching the optimal air distribution, many different approaches and methods for optimizing air distribution have been developed. The case of a single (main) fan is most fully investigated, while for many fans a number of issues still remain unresolved. The second part is devoted to the review of existing methods and examples of the automated mine ventilation control systems implementation in Russia and abroad. Two of the most well-known concepts for the development of such systems are automated ventilation control systems (AVCS) in Russia and the CIS countries and Ventilation on demand (VOD) abroad. The main strategies of ventilation management in the framework of the AVCS and VOD concepts are described and also the key differences between them are shown. One of the key differences between AVCS and VOD today is the automatic determination of the operation parameters of fan units and ventilation doors using the optimal control algorithm, which is an integral part of the AVCS. The third part of the article describes the optimal control algorithm developed by the team of the Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the participation of the authors of the article. In this algorithm, the search for optimal air distribution is carried out by the system in a fully automated mode in real time using algorithms programmed into the microcontrollers of fans and ventilation doors. Minimization of energy consumption is achieved due to the most efficient selection of the fan speed and the rate of ventilation doors opening and also due to the air distribution shift control and the partial air recirculation systems introduction. It is noted that currently the available literature poorly covers the issue related to emergency operation modes ventilation systems of mines and also with the adaptation of automated control systems to different mining methods. According to the authors, further development of automated ventilation control systems should be carried out, in particular, in these two areas.
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Date submitted1953-07-29
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Date accepted1953-09-01
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Date published1954-12-04
Проблемы автоматизации рудничной электровозной откатки
- Authors:
- Unknown
В настоящее время в условиях угольных шахт основным видом транспорта по главным горизонтальным выработкам является электровозная откатка. На газовых шахтах откатка производится электровозами аккумуляторными, а на шахтах, не опасных по газу и пыли, — контактными. Такой вид транспорта в современных условиях — при комплексной механизации угледобычи — обладает рядом существенных недостатков. Зачастую он является причиной нарушения непрерывности процесса транспортирования полезного ископаемого. Часто имеют место нарушения графиков движения. Для современных крупных шахт — при комплексной механизации угледобычи с полной автоматизацией — наиболее прогрессивным видом транспорта является конвейерный. Он легче поддается автоматизации, позволяет сохранять непрерывность процесса транспортирования полезного ископаемого от забоя до железнодорожных бункеров или обогатительных фабрик и является менее опасным для обслуживающего персонала.
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Date submitted1953-07-08
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Date accepted1953-09-30
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Date published1954-12-04
Единый метод расчета тяговых органов канатных откаток и ленточных конвейеров
- Authors:
- Unknown
Существующий метод расчета тягового органа рудничных канатных откаток аналогичен методу расчета каната шахтных подъемных установок, разработанному А. П. Германом. Метод заключается в определении веса погонного метра каната по максимальной статической нагрузке на канат, включающей также его собственный вес, и в выборе каната по заводским данным на основе найденного веса. Применяемый в настоящее время метод расчета тягового органа ленточных конвейеров состоит в предварительном определении мощности на валу приводного барабана конвейера, для чего ориентировочно принимается вес движущихся частей конвейера, затем последовательно определяются: тяговое усилие, максимальное натяжение ленты, потребное число прокладок и, наконец, вес погонного метра ленты. После того, как ориентировочно определен вес ленты, производится повторный окончательный расчет. При существующей методике расчета вес движущихся частей конвейера должен неизбежно приниматься ориентировочно, так как точный вес ленты в начале расчета неизвестен.
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Date submitted1951-07-28
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Date accepted1951-09-11
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Date published1952-12-23
The influence of parasitic movements of the train on the operation of mine locomotives
- Authors:
- A. V. Rysev
The movement of a train with a locomotive under mine haulage conditions is a very complex process, consisting of a number of movements of the entire system as a whole and its individual parts. In addition to the main - useful forward - movement of the train, there are a number of secondary movements of a parasitic nature. These may include, for example, the impact of cars on each other and on the locomotive, twitching of the locomotive, shaking, rocking, wobbling, rolling, etc. From a production point of view, all of the listed parasitic movements are of great importance. They directly affect the main - forward - movement and, in addition, determine the stability of the rolling stock, cause its derailment, wear of the running gear and the track, and also affect the structural elements of the track and the rolling stock as a whole. However, the study of these issues remains in its infancy even in relation to the theory of traction on the tracks of mainline railways, which has a more long-standing practice than the theory of mine haulage electric locomotive haulage. The issues of the theory of parasitic movements of rolling stock on mainline railways are considered mainly only from the point of view of their influence on the design of the track and rolling stock.
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Date submitted1950-07-04
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Date accepted1950-09-27
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Date published1951-04-30
New method for determining the elements of movement of a mine electric locomotive haulage
- Authors:
- A. V. Rysev
In the existing calculation methods of mine electric locomotive haulage for determining the elements of motion - traction force, speed and time of movement, energy consumption - an average or equivalent slope of the haulage tracks is usually adopted. An equivalent slope is a constant slope that is equivalent to the actual profile in terms of the operation of traction motors. For newly designed coal and ore mines, a slope of equal resistance or close to it is often adopted in calculations of mine electric locomotive traction, ensuring normal drainage of water from the workings. A slope of equal resistance is understood to be a constant slope at which the traction force of the electric locomotive when moving with a load downhill and the traction force when moving with an empty train uphill will be the same. The calculations imply that the operation of electric locomotives at a steady speed of movement occurs without acceleration, with a traction force and, accordingly, with a current value corresponding to the uniform movement of the train on the adopted constant slope.