Vol 9 Iss. 2

By "petrochemistry" we should understand the totality of our information about the chemical composition of rocks, consisting of a "multitude" (in the mathematical sense) of chemical analyses of rocks, and the conclusions that can be drawn from this information. Developing those methods of calculation of chemical analysis that were used by Michel‑Lévy and Osann, the author of this article has shown in other works that the main features of the chemical composition of an igneous rock, as given in its analysis, can be especially conveniently reflected in the form of such series of ratios, the sum of the sets of which uniquely reflects the set of chemical analyses and is equivalent to it. The diagram clearly shows the desired correlation between the lengths and directions of the strokes, depending, obviously, on their position on the diagram. This shows an important correlation between the characteristics of the salic and femic components of an igneous rock.

The Stanley instrument is of interest from the point of view of the possibility of accurately measuring lengths using direct measurement methods with tapes. We present here a description of the research methods and methods for measuring lengths with the Stanley instrument in the form in which they were proposed by the author of this article and applied by him when measuring the Tsagakshinskii and Kalanguyskii baselines of the Balei-Darasun triangulation network. The Tsagakshinskii base was measured with the Stanley instrument due to the late delivery of the Jäderin-Guillaume wires. The Kalanguyskii base was measured with Jäderin-Guillaume wires; the tape was used on one section for its calibration. Calibration of the tape once again confirmed the need for long‑term study of the tape, both at the same and at different temperatures, in order to obtain a clear picture of changes in the tape. The result obtained during calibration should be considered as the first trial and the first approximation in the subsequent series of observations for studying the tape.

In the summer of 1933, the gravimetric team of the Scientific Research Sector of the Leningrad Mining Institute carried out experimental work using the gravimetric method on the iron ore deposits of the Kola Peninsula in the Zaimandrovskii region. The results of work using the gravimetric method show that this method gives excellent results when working in the area of iron ore deposits of the Kola Peninsula, despite the extremely difficult working conditions due to the highly developed topographic surface relief, the influence of the underground relief of bedrock, the heterogeneous structure of glacial deposits and the technical difficulties of making observations in northern conditions. The gravimetric exploration method in combination with magnetometric and shaft‑prospecting works provides great opportunities for both detailed geological mapping and the search for rich hematite ores. Scientific Research Sector, Leningrad Mining Institute.

In the Ordovitch deposits of the schist mine region by Gdov the Rugosa corals occur in two bioecoses as follows: the Bryozoa biogenosis in the upper parts of the Jeva layers with a considerable amount of bronchy and lamellated colonies of Bryozoa and individual representatives of Rugosa. This biocenosis has existed in conditions of an alternating regime of slow currents and precipitations of slime and other matters. The coralline Brachypode biocenosis of the Middle-Wezenberg layers with a considerable amount of individual corals, Brachypodes, spherical colonies of Bryozoa and other fauns. A constant regime prevailed here, strong currents, absence of foreign matters in the sediments of lime. In the deposits of the Middle-Wezenberg layers corals were found that preserved their natural position and were still fastened to the former sea bottom. The rim of their calyx being horizontal to the surface and their convex part oriented towards the gentle slope of the rollers on the sea bottom — as it is shown on the sketch (fig. 4). The analyses of the rollers and the geological structure of this region both indicate that the corals were generally oriented by their convex part towards the currents that prevailed here, which is corroborated by the theoretical assumptions of prof. N. N. Yakovlev and stands in direct opposition to the scheme of Weissermel (fig. 2).

In the numerous ore and mineral formations of the deposits of our country, even such rare elements dispersed in the earth’s crust, such as thallium, germanium, cesium, cerium, indium, gallium, cadmium, hafnium, rhenium, etc., are undoubtedly concentrated. The listed elements usually do not form independent deposits, and their extraction is based on the fact that they are included in small quantities in the composition of some ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other types of mineral raw materials. In creating a mobile raw material base for the elements under consideration, the primary task is a specific quantitative assessment of the values of certain contents in ores and large dumps of practically valuable components dispersed in all industrially interesting deposits, and primarily in deposits that will be put into operation in the coming years.