The article is devoted to the actively developing area of wastewater treatment – Constructed Floating Wetlands (CFW, floating bioplatforms). The paper explores the creation history and operational experience of CFW in Russia and abroad. It describes the designs and preferred compositions of substrates and plants for creating phytomodules, paying special attention to the use of natural minerals and the selection of local macrophyte plant species. The CFW technology is suitable for treating various types of wastewater, including inorganic effluents from mining enterprises. The research examines the results of applying phytotechnology for wastewater treatment for pollutants (total nitrogen and phosphorus, organic matter, suspended particles, heavy metals, sulphates, boron, etc.). The article shows successful practices of using CFW for acidic drainage effluents, which are the most challenging for phytotechnology application. The study identifies key factors affecting pollutant removal efficiency – water depth, flow rate, coverage area, aeration, and temperature. The research presents methods to enhance the depth of water treatment at low temperatures. It also notes the positive impact of floating bioplatforms on the condition of water bodies where they are located. The study provides cost estimates for applying CFW technology for wastewater treatment and gives recommendations based on the experience of implementing the technology at a settling pond of a mining enterprise in the Murmansk Region.

An assessment was made of the effectiveness of reclamation using sewage sludge for the accelerated formation of a stable erosion-proof vegetation cover on the unproductive anthropogenic soil of a sand quarry in the context of the Kola North. The experiment, launched in 2017, included three treatments: control – no treatment, experiment 1 – fragmentary (50 %) application of sewage sludge, experiment 2 – continuous application. In the sixth growing season, anthropogenic soil samples were examined, and measurements of CO2 emissions were carried out. It was shown that the application of sewage sludge had a positive effect on the physicochemical and agrochemical properties of the soils: in situ pH and density decreased, hygroscopicity increased, available phosphorus and potassium increased. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between CO2 emissions in the control and experimental treatments. The content of organic carbon in the control treatment was lower than in the experimental ones; under fragmentary application of sewage sludge, it was three times lower, and under continuous application, it was nine times lower. Significant (p < 0.05) differences in the content of carbon and nitrogen in cold and hot water extracts between control and treatment samples were found under continuous application of sewage sludge. At the same time, by calculating the C/N ratio, a very low level of nitrogen was found in the humus. The main factors behind the variability of the estimated parameters were identified – the treatment itself and the method of its application, the contribution of the treatment alone was 60 %, the contribution of the application method was 14 %. Taking into account the economic factors, fragmentary application of sewage sludge onto the anthropogenic sand quarry soil is recommended to support the establishment of a stable erosion-proof phytocenosis.

The article discusses the place and role of the discipline "Russian language and culture of speech" in the system of academic disciplines of technical universities. Communicative competence of students of technical universities is not always sufficient for effective communication, including in the professional sphere. Training of highly qualified specialists without thorough training of their speech culture is unproductive. Speech culture is a tool of professional activity of a future specialist. Since in technical universities "Russian language and speech culture" has the status of the only speech discipline, its role is especially important. It should solve complex problems of teaching students not only the norms of modern Russian literary language, but also develop their rhetorical skills and abilities. The ways of solving this problem are seen in the organization of students' independent work; the choice of optimal ways of presenting linguistic material; the organization of control of mastered linguistic knowledge; the performance of creative tasks.