Professor of the Leningrad Mining Institute, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences M.M. Tetyaev was born on September 11 (23), 1882. In 1900. M. M. Tetyaev entered St. Petersburg University at the natural department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, but in February 1901 he was expelled for participation in the student movement and by the verdict of a special meeting was surrendered to the soldiers. Soon he was released and returned to classes, and in 1902 he was again expelled from the university without the right to return.M. M. Tetyaev continued his higher education abroad at the University of Liège, at the School of Mines of the Faculty of Mechanics. There in 1911 he received the title of mining engineer, and in 1912, after defending his thesis at the Faculty of Natural Sciences, the academic title of engineer-geologist.

In 1933 we identified within the Kalbinsky Ridge, and in 1934-1935 we studied in more detail the Upper Paleozoic sediments.Later on, the question of the Upper Paleozoic of the Kalba was dealt with by a number of researchers, the common drawback of whose works was poor knowledge of the peculiarities of the Upper Paleozoic sediments over the entire area of their distribution in the Kalba. As a result, there was some confusion in the ideas about the sequence of the Upper Paleozoic formations, the correlation of these formations and their paleontological and lithological characterization.

The Taurida Formation of Crimea is a unique sandy shale formation dating back to the Upper Triassic - Lower Jurassic. It is usually called the "shale formation" or "Taurida shales", sometimes its flysch nature is mentioned, and a very complex folded structure is noted, but these features do not provide a sufficiently complete description. In 1937-1940, and then in 1946-1951, we studied the Taurida Formation in all the main areas of its distribution - on the northern slopes of the Crimean Mountains, to the southeast of the Simferopol-Bakhchisarai line (the environs of Simferopol and the upper reaches of the Alma, Bodrak, Kacha and Belbek rivers), and on the southern slopes of the Crimean Mountains, along the Black Sea coast - from Simeiz to Alushta and east of the latter. Everywhere, the Taurida Formation has a number of similar features in its material composition, alternation of rock varieties (rhythmicity) and the nature of the folded structure. All these features indicate that the Taurida strata are typical flysch strata. It should be emphasized that the layers of the Taurida strata are often inverted bedding. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to easily establish the true bedding of the layers in each outcrop based on their macroscopic features. The identification of such features of the Taurida strata is the main objective of this article.

In Russia, due to the peculiarities of its historical development, in the second half of the last century, a large group of major figures in science and art emerged. The talented geologist Nikolai Alekseevich Golovkinsky belongs to the glorious galaxy of advanced scientists of this time. Having established for the first time a concrete connection between the oscillatory movements of the earth’s surface and the process of formation of the sedimentary shell of the earth's crust, he was in this regard a successor of the ideas of the brilliant Lomonosov. He gave the first in the history of geology a thoroughly developed scheme for the formation of a layered structure based on the movement of facies in connection with the movement of the coastline. N.A. Golovkinsky was the first to give a clear scheme for the formation of a layered structure and introduced the most important concepts about geological horizons (petrographic or lithological, chronological, stratigraphic and paleontological); he expanded the concept of facies and with all this laid the foundation for the correct understanding and solution of issues of stratigraphic parallelization and geological synchronization. The principles of terrace formation (valley formation) formulated by him, which underlie modern geomorphological concepts, are very profound. N.A. Golovkinsky is the immediate predecessor of A.P. Karpinsky in questions about oscillatory movements. A list of scientific works by N.A. Golovkinsky is provided.

В истории науки известен ряд примеров, когда важнейшие научные достижения русских ученых не получали достаточной известности и значительно позже первенство в них приписывалось иностранцам. Весьма характерным в этом отношении является положение, которое мы сейчас имеем в геологии с одним весьма важным принципом, лежащим в основе правильного понимания формирования слоистых осадочных толщ и причин их важнейшего свойства — слоистости. Этот принцип получил широкую известность в геологической литературе в виде так называемого закона Вальтера. Не собираясь отрицать большого значения работ И. Вальтера в разработке вопросов слоистости и фаций, а также интересных представлений о миграции и изменении фауны в зависимости от последних, мы считаем необходимым на основании наших специальных исследований отметить, что эти основные положения, получившие наименование закона Вальтера, отнюдь не И. Вальтером впервые были установлены. Первенство их уста­новления и разработки принадлежит одному из оригинальных и талантливых русских геологов — Н. А. Головкинскому. Н. А. Головкинский и А. А. Иностранцев являются создателями двух противоположных концепций в теории формирования слоистой структуры. Существо этих концепций сохраняется и во всех современных представлениях, определяя развитие взглядов на образование слоистой структуры. Это развитие совершается в борьбе двух указанных концепций и ведет к разработке единой теории этого сложного процесса, в основе которой выступает концепция Н. А. Головкинского.

The problem of dividing intrusions in folded areas according to their relation to folding is one of the most difficult in geology. It is usually difficult to answer the question of the time of intrusion emplacement - before, during or after folding. Particularly difficult is the identification of intrusions in folded areas that were intruded into the host rocks before folding and, as a result of the latter superposition, even if their relatively older age is established in comparison with the following intrusions, can be taken for earlier manifestations directly related to the same folding. An exceptional feature of intrusions, the formation of which occurs before folding, is that, being located in quietly lying layered deposits, they form characteristic forms of concordant intrusive deposits, sills, which practically appear in the layered structure as intrusive layers, with all the ensuing consequences. It is precisely this circumstance that gives us a real opportunity to recognize such intrusions in the folded structure. The factual material of this article gives grounds to conclude that special attention must be paid to basic and ultrabasic intrusions from the point of view of the time of their appearance in relation to folding.