For laboratory studies on models of rock pressure, a number of methods are currently used, including centrifugal modeling. This method was developed by G.I. It was first used abroad in 1934 by F. Bucky (USA) to solve mining engineering problems. In the Soviet Union, centrifugal modeling in the study of mining pressure was used by P. M. Tsimbarevich, I. D. Rivkin, R. P. Kaplunov, I. M. Panin, and S. G. Borisenko. There are now a number of operating facilities designed for research in rock pressure, structural engineering, and soil mechanics and adapted to models from natural or equivalent material.
The practice of development of mineral deposits, including ore deposits, complex mining and geological conditions, application of new development systems, increasing depth from the earth's surface, as well as the requirements of increasing the intensity, safety and profitability - more and more often put forward questions, the solution of which requires an understanding of the physical essence of the processes and identification of relevant regularities. In the field of development systems, rock pressure and deformations of the rock massif, research methods can be both theoretical and experimental. The choice of research method depends on the task at hand. In many cases it is necessary to combine methods.
Control figures for the development of the national economy of the USSR for 1959-1965 provides for a further increase in the production of various ores. It suffices to say that by 1965, ore output in the various branches of the mining industry will have increased from 2 to 3 times as much as in 1958. The major part of this increase will be achieved (mainly at new deposits) at the expense of open-pit mining, but the share of underground works remains high - about 40-50%.
In 1957, the Institute lost an outstanding teacher and researcher, a major specialist in the development of ore deposits, associate professor, candidate of technical sciences Nikolai N. Polyakov.
The economic significance of qualitative and quantitative mineral losses during mining is well known, and therefore the importance of their regulation is obvious. Although mineral losses and dilution during mining are inevitable, their size can be different, and the possibility (and the degree of technical complexity) of reduction depends, on the one hand, on natural conditions, and on the other hand - on the development system, the quality of mining operations and the quality of their control and accounting.
The final decision regarding the boundary between open-pit and underground work, as well as determining their profitability, can only be obtained as a result of technical design, since only then is it possible to determine the impact of a number of organizational and technical factors affecting the volume of overburden and minerals, as well as by the value of cost indicators. From the point of view of the feasibility of capital investments, the use of two development methods for a field is justified in the following cases: when a sufficient lifetime for normal depreciation of fixed assets has been ensured for both open and underground work, when the use of open-pit work in combination with underground provides significant savings in production costs, justifying additional capital investment, when the use of one or another development method is caused by security requirements or technical necessity.
