The results of scientific research of the Department of Underground Mining of Mineral Deposits, carried out in 2000 on problematic issues of underground mining of coal, shale and salt deposits, are presented. The requirements to the technological schemes of reservoir development in areas with limited size when using high-capacity mechanized mining complexes are formulated. Ways of increasing the efficiency of mining thin coal seams with the use of jet installations are proposed and substantiated. The causes of dynamic collapse of the roof rocks in the lower faces of the layered systems of development are investigated. Conclusions are made about the most promising ways of development of technogenic and oil and gas fields. Recommendations on underground coal combustion for steam and power generation have been developed.
The theoretical basis for determining the fluid pressure required for hydraulic fracturing of a rock massif of block structure is outlined. The criterion of strength of such massif at volumetric character of deformation development in anisotropic field of gravitational-tectonic stresses is grounded. The results of Tyrnyauz experimental hydraulic fracturing of hot granites at a depth of about 4 km, as well as a comparison of calculated data with the results of hydraulic fracturing conducted by the Los Alamos laboratory of the United States.
The new wave of interest to mechanics and technology of hydraulic fracturing of rock massif is caused by the results of large-scale experiments of the USA, Great Britain, Japan and some other countries on creation of artificial reservoirs in hot rocks as a basis of technology of extraction of huge resources of geothermal energy accumulated by them.
At the present stage of scientific and technological progress, the Earth's subsoil is more and more fully involved in the sphere of social production, the role of mining science is increasing, the range of its problems is expanding. ...
The physical model of thermal processes in mine workings and frozen, thawing and freezing rock mass at the modern level of research can be formulated as follows: the temperature of mine air varies along the length of workings g and in time t as a result of its heat and mass exchange with the rock massif, minerals transported along the workings and ice (water) in the workings, as well as under the influence of “absolute” heat emissions and fluctuations in temperature t0 and relative humidity ф0 at the beginning of the ventilation path. In this case, only the intensity of “absolute” heat emissions can be considered constant in time ...
Специфические особенности подземной разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых зоны вечной мерзлоты в решающей степени определяются тепловым режимом породного массива и пройденных в нем выработок. Регулирование теплового режима шахт и рудников в этих условиях приобретает особо важное значение для повышения безопасности и эффективности горных работ ...
The chamber-shield system with the use of mobile shields was proposed for the clearance excavation of thick gentle strata. Production tests of such a system (1959) with the shield LGNK-1 confirmed the high efficiency and serviceability of the mobile shield type.
As is known, the main parameters of mines - productivity and service life - largely determine their technical appearance and the level of technical and economic performance. The choice of these parameters is related to the possible load on the seam, which for a single seam determines the production capacity of the mine, and for a suite of seams - also the sequence of their mining.Increasing the load on the seam and enlargement of mines are one of the main directions of technical progress in the coal industry in the coming years.
Both in the USSR and abroad coal seams of gentle dip with thickness more than 3,5-4,5 m are developed by inclined layers with caving, with laying or in some cases (France, England) with smooth lowering of the upper layers and the roof of the seam. These systems are characterized by relatively low technical and economic indicators due to the high cost and labor intensity of the construction of the foundation or preliminary support.
Currently, at a number of mines in Stalin-Makeevsk, Central and other areas of the Donetsk basin air temperature in the cleaning faces (more than 30 faces) exceeds the limit (26°) established by the Safety Rules, reaching in the summer months 28-30° The most radical means of combating high temperatures, which at a certain depth of mining operations become inevitable, is artificial cooling of mine air. When choosing a cooling system, it is important not only to find a cheap and technically convenient way of obtaining cold, but also to correctly address the issue of the location of air coolers and their number, so that air cooling was quite effective with the least amount of cold.
For a number of years, mainly in relation to the conditions of the Donetsk basin, studies have been conducted on mine thermodynamics, the development of measures to combat high temperatures in deep mines and the choice of rational cooling systems of mine air.
