The upper purging of a liquid or melt by various gaseous agents is associated in most cases with both the physical and chemical interaction of the phases. In recent years, a number of papers have appeared dealing with the physical interaction of phases. There is relatively little work on the chemical interaction of phases in the upper purge conditions. However, they are of interest for a number of non-ferrous metallurgy processes (conversion, refining of melts, etc.).

Upper purging of metallurgical melts with gaseous agents is currently being successfully used in ferrous metallurgy and is beginning to gain recognition in non-ferrous metallurgy, where the nozzle arrangement inclined to the surface of the bath is most promising for such units...