Top blowing of a liquid or melt with various gaseous agents is associated in most cases with both physical and chemical interaction of the phases. In recent years, a number of papers have appeared dealing with the physical interaction of phases. There are relatively few studies on the chemical interaction of phases under top-blowing conditions. However, they are of interest for a number of non-ferrous metallurgy processes (conversion, refining of melts, etc.).

Top purging of metallurgical melts with gaseous agents is currently being successfully used in ferrous metallurgy and is beginning to gain recognition in non‑ferrous metallurgy, where an arrangement of nozzles inclined to the surface of the bath is most promising for such units...