The new situation with the carrying out of monitoring of underground waters on regional level was mainly caused by two reasons: 1) new regulations on the preservation of the environment were approved; the present water Regulations are being renewed; 2) studying of regime-forming factors of underground waters (geological, cosmic, climatic, biological, hydrological and technogenic) testify to the urgent necessity of introducing certain amendments into the system and maintainance of monitoring of underground waters.
The studies of the processes of changing the physical and mechanical properties of clayey rocks, started by V.D. Lomtadze back in 1955-1956, gave a powerful impetus to the development of the problem. Numerous works by V.D. Lomtadze, his students and followers confirmed the existence of several lithification stages, and the use of system analysis made it possible to substantiate their quantitative boundaries.
The hydrogeological materials collected in Colombia are systematized and analyzed for the first time. The regularities of groundwater distribution and formation are revealed. Hydrogeological zoning of the country, stratification of the section and zoning of groundwater were substantiated.
It is paradoxical, but it was noted by B.L.Lichkov in 1932 that in the works of V.I.Vernadsky one cannot find the words hydrogeology, hydrogeologist, hydrogeological research, although his works are an inexhaustible storehouse of hydrogeological ideas that defined new directions in hydrogeology, laid the foundations of the theory and methods of research of the underground hydrosphere.
In the work we have already substantiated the position on the difference between the hydrogeology of land, oceans and the belt of transition between land and ocean. Among these three hydrogeological "whales" continental margins (land-ocean belt) were out of the field of hydrogeology, although geologists have been studying the geology of these areas for many years and not unsuccessfully.
Volcanogenic structures occupy a special place in the structure of our planet. During its evolution, the mantle substance was continuously differentiating, melting and rising to the Earth's surface, therefore, volcanogenic rocks of one or another age are widespread in almost every region. However, our attention will be focused on volcanogenic structures of Mesocenozoic age.
The theoretical and practical possibility of prospecting for gold occurrences on the basis of direct hydrogeochemical indicators - direct detection of gold in certain quantities in the waters.
Data on the age and thickness of sediments that compose the sedimentary cover of artesian basins (ABs) of mountainous folded regions can determine how much of the thickness of the sedimentary cover is occupied by freshwater.
Geochemical criteria are established on the example of one of the fields in Yakutia. Climatic conditions predetermined the widespread development in the area of permafrost up to a depth of 300 m.
In the academic year 1929/30 in the Leningrad Mining Institute was organized hydrogeological specialty and began training of engineers - hydrogeologists. The past fifty years have been significant for hydrogeology, the development of its scientific, methodological foundations and practical application ...
Hydrochemical research, which is conducted in recent years, the Department of Hydrogeology of the Leningrad Mining Institute, covers the territories of the south of the Far East, Transbaikalia, Aldan, Eastern Yakutia, Central Kazakhstan, some areas of Central Asia and the Russian platform ...
Humanity's demand for fresh water is growing every year, and so are the requirements for the water used; the standards for permissible concentrations of toxic substances are becoming stricter, and the number of components by which its practical value is assessed is increasing
Hydrogeology of mountain folded areas (GFA) remains in many respects still a "white spot". This is explained by the inaccessibility of many areas, their weak population, the lack of detailed hydrogeologic studies ...
The decisive factors in the location of groundwater are geologic and physiographic. Geological determine the location and structure of hydrogeologic structures, and their physiographic position - the features of groundwater life of each hydrogeologic structure separately.
The existing methods of studying and quantifying groundwater flow are practically applicable only if there are long-term observations of the natural water regime on a dense network of reference points. The south of the Far East (FE) is poorly studied hydrologically and hydrogeologically. For complex solution of groundwater flow problem even in regional aspect, not to mention complicated conditions of mountainous areas, these methods are unsuitable.
Hydrochemical studies in the basin of the lower reaches of the Amur River within the Miaochansky Range proved the possibility of using hydrochemical methods to search for tin-polymetallic deposits in the mid-mountainous relief under humid climate. In this article, the features of the formation of the chemical composition of water in this area, touched on the issues of quantitative assessment of the results of hydrochemical searches.
Artesian basins occupy vast areas in the Far East. The largest of them are the Nizhne-Zeysky, Bureinsky, Verkhne-Zeysky, Sredne-Amursky and Khankai-Ussuriysky with the area from 10,000 to 100,000 km2.
Geological studies carried out in the postwar years in the Kustanai steppe revealed huge natural riches: the largest in the USSR deposits of iron, coal, bauxite and other minerals. On the basis of these deposits the largest industrial enterprises, for example, Sarbaisko-Sokolovsky enrichment plant, Kushmurun coal mine, Turgai bauxite mine, etc., are already being created at present.
