The article considers the conditions of lithification in sedimentary basins at different stages of lithogenesis. It is shown that lithification is crucial in the formation of elisional regime in artesian structures. After this process elisional regime of artesian structures descends. Lithification of rocks mostly at the stage of catagenesis and metagenesis generally lead to disturbance of the normal hydrogeochemical zoning in the deep parts of the section of artesian structures creating a hydrogeochemical inversion (desalination) in aquifers.
The work is devoted to the investigation of the accuracy characteristics of reflectorless laser rangefinders. The method of evaluation of accuracy of measured distances for different reflecting surfaces, based on the analysis of differences of measured distances at two reflector positions, fixed independently with increased accuracy, is presented. The measurement technique involved the use of reflective surfaces of two colors set at different angles to the laser beam. The proposed approach was applied to the laser tape measure "DISTO Pro" model of the Swiss company "Leica". For the conditions of real measurements simulated in the experiments, the numerical values of the errors of the examined tape measure were obtained. Based on the results of processing the data obtained, conclusions were made about the possibility of improving the accuracy of such linear measurements.
V.D. Lomtadze's experimental studies on compaction of clayey rocks allowed him to conclude that these rocks play an important role in the formation of groundwater in deep horizons of sedimentary basins (catagenesis zone) as accumulators of huge water reserves. Studies of V.D. Lomtadze contributed to the development of the sedimentogenic hypothesis of the origin of groundwater of the catagenesis zone.
A brief account of the main directions of research and engineering activities of the Department of Engineering Geodesy is given. The development of scientifically justified methods of complex research of three-dimensional deformations of tower-shaped structures and architectural monuments of Staraya Russa is continued. New formulas for calculating slope for cramped conditions were introduced. An analytical method for the processing of paired photographs for applied photography has been developed. Principles of coordinate-measurement systems application were developed. Methodological provisions for cadastral mapping using modern electronic geodetic instruments were developed for the cadastral evaluation of land and real estate of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. A new methodology for accuracy assessment based on tensor analysis and application of vector error theory was developed. Research in the field of mining geomechanics was continued: a three-dimensional computer model of rock mass along the oil pipeline route was created.
The technique of reseach of geometry of mechanisms and shaft of the machine for paper manufacture with the help of system of definition of coordinates is considered. Dimensions of the machine, the constrained conditions of work, presence of drying grids cause complexity of the adjustment.
The technique of surveying of buildings and their facades in the constrained conditions of court yards and passages of an old part of St.-Petersburg by a not contact method is considered on the basis of application of laser roulettes together with theodolite.
