The paper presents mining-technological substantiation of complete extraction of conditioned ores from complex-structured blocks of benches by mixing a layer of substandard ores of certain sizes. The relevance of the work consists in the development of innovative methods of establishing the parameters of the substandard layer of ores to be added to the conditioned ores. The main problem is to ensure complete extraction of useful components into concentrate from shipped ore with acceptable deviations from the required ones. A new typification of complex-structured ore blocks of the bench has been carried out. Analytical dependences of mining and geological characteristics of complex-structured ore blocks were obtained. Theoretical dependences for determining the main indicators of mineral processing are derived. Analytical dependences for determination of the content of useful component in shipped ore α' – mixture of conditioned ore with the content of useful component α and admixed layer of substandard ore with the content of useful component α'' are offered. For the first time in mining science, a new approach of complete extraction of conditioned ores from complex-structured blocks of benches by grabbing a certain part of substandard ores during excavation, increasing the volume of extracted ore and expanding the extraction of useful components in the concentrate has been substantiated. The increment of useful components can reach 10-15 % of the total volume of extraction, which allows predicting a significant increase in the completeness of mineral extraction from the Earth's interior.
Based on the analysis of rock mass disturbance during blasting operations and their theoretical description, calculation schemes for determining geometric parameters depending on detonation conditions are proposed. The relations linking the parameters of drilling and blasting operations with the geometric dimensions of rock mass disturbance have been obtained, which makes it possible to predict this disturbance for various "know-how" of blasting operations.
It is known that in technological processes of drilling, blasting, crushing and milling, depending on the conditions and nature of the application of the external load, different amounts of energy are spent on the destruction of a unit volume of rocks. The analysis shows that each of the widespread empirical laws of crushing is a part of a more general law of crushing, obtained by the authors of the article on the basis of the universal energy criterion of destruction taking into account the scale effect.
