More complete extraction of minerals from subsurface by reducing their losses even more actualizes tasks of improving mathematical models of mining objects. Purpose of this work is to create geometric models of typical complex-structured blocks (CSB), which could be extended to real CSB. They are based on mining and geological models of virtual (typical) complex-structured ore blocks of bench, consisting of discontinuous continuous (first type) and dispersed ore bodies (second type). These blocks key parameters are isolated continuous and dispersed ore bodies characteristic points coordinates, ore bodies with host rocks contact line segments length, and ore bodies areas in CSB sections. They determine these objects mining and geological characteristics (ore saturation, block geological and morphological structure complexity). These characteristics are analytically interconnected with disparate ore bodies geometric parameters and admixed rock or lost ore layer size. They are the basis for CSB geometric models numerical values calculation methodology and mining and geological characteristics of ore bodies and whole block. Computer program for automated determination of geometrical characteristics of CSB by given initial key parameters of complex-structured blocks has been created. Example of calculation of these characteristics for typical complex-structured blocks is considered, and significance of research results in CSB development is shown. Proposed methodology of calculation of key characteristics of geometrical models of CSB is an information basis for making decisions on economical and ecological development of CSB of benches. Results of research can be used in exploitation of real complex-structured deposits to significantly reduce loss and dilution of minerals.

The paper presents mining-technological substantiation of complete extraction of conditioned ores from complex-structured blocks of benches by mixing a layer of substandard ores of certain sizes. The relevance of the work consists in the development of innovative methods of establishing the parameters of the substandard layer of ores to be added to the conditioned ores. The main problem is to ensure complete extraction of useful components into concentrate from shipped ore with acceptable deviations from the required ones. A new typification of complex-structured ore blocks of the bench has been carried out. Analytical dependences of mining and geological characteristics of complex-structured ore blocks were obtained. Theoretical dependences for determining the main indicators of mineral processing are derived. Analytical dependences for determination of the content of useful component in shipped ore α' – mixture of conditioned ore with the content of useful component α and admixed layer of substandard ore with the content of useful component α'' are offered. For the first time in mining science, a new approach of complete extraction of conditioned ores from complex-structured blocks of benches by grabbing a certain part of substandard ores during excavation, increasing the volume of extracted ore and expanding the extraction of useful components in the concentrate has been substantiated. The increment of useful components can reach 10-15 % of the total volume of extraction, which allows predicting a significant increase in the completeness of mineral extraction from the Earth's interior.

Based on the analysis of rock mass disturbance during blasting operations and their theoretical description, calculation schemes for determining geometric parameters depending on detonation conditions are proposed. The relations linking the parameters of drilling and blasting operations with the geometric dimensions of rock mass disturbance have been obtained, which makes it possible to predict this disturbance for various "know-how" of blasting operations.

It is known that in technological processes of drilling, blasting, crushing and milling, depending on the conditions and nature of the application of the external load, different amounts of energy are spent on the destruction of a unit volume of rocks. The analysis shows that each of the widespread empirical laws of crushing is a part of a more general law of crushing, obtained by the authors of the article on the basis of the universal energy criterion of destruction taking into account the scale effect.