Francisco de Vitoria (1492-1546), a Spanish Dominican theologian and philosopher, professor in the pulpit of the University of Salamanca, was one of the successful reformers of the European educational system at the border between the Middle Ages and the early modern period. His reform in teaching included the use of Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica instead of Peter Lombard's Libri quattuor sententiarum, systematic lectures on various questions of theological theory, political and moral sciences, and new teaching methods. These influenced the shaping of modern higher education.