In recent years, application of biotechnologies in enrichment processes and processing of metal-containing ores has gained broad development, considering essential advantages of these technologies from the point of view of economic efficiency and ecological safety. Processes with the application the hemolitotrofnykh of acidophile microorganisms of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, At. thiooxidans, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and others, are of great interest. This article is devoted to the problem of biocultures application for efficiency improvement of the ore pretreatment technology and extraction of valuable components from metal-containing crude ore. The analysis of the biotechnologies and microorganisms applied at domestic and foreign enterprises is given, alongside with the theoretical bases of ore bioprocessing, research results of oxide and sulphidic metal-containing ores processing technology development, with the application of microorganisms and research results of the mechanism of destructive impact of a certain type bacteria on siliceous ores.
The results of research to determine the optimal conditions of sulphatizing roasting in the complex technology of processing of phosphorus iron-manganese concretions are given.
In the given work the problem of gas purification of metallurgical industry is considered. Technology of waste gases recycling process with advanced treatment of tail gases with possibility of full recovery of sulfur containing components is conducted.
Thermodynamic and experimental substantiation of the possibility of selective separation of manganese and phosphorus by neutral leaching after preliminary sulfuring burning for iron-manganese concretions (IMC) of different compositions is provided.
The main methods of ferromanganese nodule (FMN) processing are considered: leaching with preliminary sulfatizing roasting and sulfuric acid leaching. On the basis of thermodynamic analysis and experimental results the conclusion is made about the applicability of both methods for processing of FMS in the Gulf of Finland.
The basic methods of hydrometallurgical processing of ferromanganese nodules are considered: leaching with pre-sulfation roasting and sulfuric acid leaching. The conclusion about the applicability of both methods for processing of phosphorus-containing ferromanganese nodules has been made on the basis of calculation of thermodynamics of characteristic chemical reactions. Calculated interaction energies in the systems Mn-S-O and Mn-P-S at different temperatures are given.
