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Date submitted2022-06-09
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Date accepted2022-11-17
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Date published2022-12-29
Drilling of deep and ultra-deep wells for prospecting and exploration of new raw mineral fields
Scientific and technological progress over the last century has led to an enormous increase in the consumption of minerals, including energy resources. Most of the exploited oil and gas fields are already considerably depleted, so it is necessary to search for new hydrocarbon resources, particularly at great depths. Deep drilling plays a special role in solving this problem. The article considers the world and Russian experience of ultra-deep wells drilling. The methods and technologies used in the construction of wells, as well as complications and accidents occurring during their drilling were analyzed. The analysis revealed that the existing limitations for drilling parameters of deep and ultra-deep wells are caused by the technical characteristics of surface and bottomhole drilling equipment, which do not meet the extreme drilling conditions. The directions for development of deep and ultra-deep well drilling machinery and technologies are suggested. The notion of extreme rock and geological drilling conditions is introduced, which describes drilling in conditions of hydrostatic pressure of flushing fluid column and high bottomhole temperature both at stable and unstable wellbore conditions, coming close to the upper limit of operating technical characteristics of bottomhole assembly, the drill string and flushing fluid.
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Date submitted2009-08-06
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Date accepted2009-10-29
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Date published2010-02-01
Trends in using technology to improve pipeline hydrotransport
- Authors:
- N. V. Golovachev
This paper is devoted to reviewing the most promising directions of development of hydrotransport in the current time. The further improvements of proposals hydrotransport are considered hereinafter. An analysis of technology and means to ensure the effective functioning of hydrotransport systems have been carried out. An algorithm of selection new research in the field hydrotransport is proposed.
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Date submitted1908-06-28
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Date accepted1908-08-12
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Date published1908-12-01
Illustration of crystal structure with vector circles
- Authors:
- Ye. S. Fedorov
In the article “Precise imagery of space points on a plane”, the problem of such an image in three different elements is solved: vectorial and ordinary circles, and in parallel vectors. The practical application of images in parallel vectors of a system of mines is also given there. I will now show an essential application of the theory to the representation by vectorial circles of the spatial lattices of each structurally studied crystal.