Vol 2 Iss. 2

On March 31, 1908, the Council of the Mining Institute, considering how to honor the approaching 50th anniversary of Ivan Avgustovich Time's professional activity, in the foreground, recognized the need to dedicate a special issue of the Institute’s Notes to this activity. With this aim, they decided not to limit contributions to specialists from the Institute, but also to invite specialists working outside the Institute, who, through their own works and their activities, are closely acquqintedwith fruits of the jubilarian's endeavors.

Before embarking on his professorial career, Ivan Avgustovich spent twelve years as a plant engineer, mechanic, and builder. As such, he firmly established the teaching of design at the Mining Institute.... His favorite aphorism when critiquing student projects was: “You must design your project in such a way that, according to your project, the plant could actually build this structure". The direction of Ivan Avgustovich's thinking made him really create an encyclopedia of practical mechanics in all its fields.

Ivan Avgustovich was born on July 11, 1838, in Zlatoust, into the family of an inspector of the medical board. In the early 1840s, the Time family moved to St. Petersburg. For a detailed biography of Ivan Avgustovich Time, please see the article.

Section I. Mine Machinery, Mechanisms, Instruments, etc. 1. Reply to Mr. Urbanovich (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1872, Vol. IV, p. 151) 2. Resistance of Wire to Bending (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1886, Vol. II, p. 217) 3. A Collection of Mine Wire Ropes Donated to the Mining Institute by I. I. Yuz (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1890, Vol. I, pp. 423–429) 4. Stilling basin (Spray Nozzle), the Principal Tool of the Hydraulic Method for Mining Gold-Bearing Placers (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1891, Vol. 4, pp. 1–20) 5. Review of the Work by B. Milkovsky: “Wire Ropes in Theory and Mining Practice. Part 1” (Gornozavodskii Listok, 1899, No. 4, pp. 3692–3696) 6. Improved Stretchers for Mines (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1892, Vol. I, p. 538) 7. On Firedamp (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1898, Vol. II, pp. 84–87) Section II. Plant Machinery, Mechanisms, Instruments, etc. 1. Ore-Crushing Machine at the George-Marien-Hütte Plant near Osnabrück (in Hanover) (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1866, Vol. II, pp. 391–397) 2. Outline of the Current State of Mechanical Engineering Abroad 3. Theory and Construction of Iron-Rolling Machines (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1872, Vol. I, pp. 1–57) 4.Current State of Steam Hammers (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1872, Vol. III, p. 419 and Vol. IV, p. 1) 5. On Some Mining Plant Machines (1875, Vol. I) 6. Note on the Article by Kondratyev “Roots Blowers” (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1881, Vol. XI, p. 319) 7. Indicator Tests on the Rolling of Steel Rails and Beams at the Putilov Plant 8.Portable Drying Furnace for Foundries (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1894, Vol. IV, p. 217) 9. Plant of the Ural-Volga Metallurgical Society in Tsaritsyn (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1898, Vol. IV, pp. 92–94) 10. Outline of the Current State of Mining in the Donets Basin (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1889, Vol. I, No. 1, pp. 1–97 and No. 2, pp. 217–348) 11. Southern Russian Mining Plants (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1893, Vol. I, No. 3, pp. 391–450 and Vol. II, No. 4, pp. 1–76) 12. Current State of Technology at Southern Russian Mining Plants and Mines (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1897, Vol. I, Bk. 1, pp. 1–56; Bk. 2, pp. 151–186; Bk. 3, pp. 319–366; Vol. II, Bk. 4, pp. 1–59; Bk. 5, pp. 171–209) 13. Current State of Technology at Southern Russian Plants and Mines (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1906, Vol. IV, Bk. 12, pp. 291–422) 14. Brief Report on a Business Trip to the Ural Plants in the Summer of 1894 by Professor Iv. Time 15. The Paris World Exhibition of 1889 (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1890, Vol. I, II, and III) 16. On the Standard Type of Steel Rails (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1877, Vol. IV, pp. 367–382) 17. A Few Words on the Organization of the Central Railway Workshop in Malines (Mechelen), Belgium (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1886, Vol. II, pp. 231–243) 18. P. I. Maltsev. Practical Mechanics (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1894, Vol. I, p. 571) 19. A Few Words on Preparing Projects in Applied Mechanics at the Mining Institute (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1896, Vol. I, p. 419) 20. Reference Book for Mining Engineers and Technicians: Mining Plant Mechanics 21. Corrections and Additions to the “Reference Book of 1879” (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1885, Vol. I, p. 362) 22. Bibliographical Works of Iv. Av. Time Reviews of Publications New Book: E. Thomson: “Mine Equipment for Great Depths” (Gornozavodskii Listok, 1900, Nos. 9 and 18) and Others (see article) Compiled by V. E. Grum-Grzhimailo and M. M. Fedorov Section III. Structures Related to Electrical Engineering (see article)."

In 1879, the "Reference Book for Mining Engineers and Technicians" was first published, and in 1899 a substantially revised second edition of the same book appeared. Its publication marked an era for plant engineers, who continually drew from this excellent work both scientific data and extensive practical guidance.

On metal technology, Iv. Av. [Ivan Avgustovich] published three works: Resistance of Metals and Wood to Cutting. The Theory of Cutting and Its Application to Machines (1870). Memoirs on the Planing of Metals (1877). Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering (1883); and several articles in Gornyi Zhurnal.

On issues concerning the technical application of petroleum, Ivan Avgustovich published several notes and articles in Gornyi Zhurnal. Specifically, he provided two reviews: one on the work by Gulishambarov, 'Oil Firing of Steamships, etc.', and another on Depp's article regarding his test of V. Beresnev’s nozzles. These reviews convey the content of the works in rather extensive detail and offer only brief assessments of them. Two other articles, namely 'The Oil Pipeline from Baku to Batumi' (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1885) and 'Noiseless Oil Firing, Tentelev’s Patent' (Gornyi Zhurnal, 1894), are independent works.

Ivan Avgustovich published almost all of his works on hydraulics in Gornyi Zhurnal. The first article, "On Turbines Installed at the New Gas-Puddling Mill of the Nizhne-Isetsk Plant," appeared in Gornyi Zhurnal in 1863. The article notes that as soon as Ivan Avgustovich assumed the position of Yekaterinburg Plant Mechanic, the construction of the puddling and welding mill at the Nizhne-Isetsk Plant was immediately entrusted to him, where he installed a Schiele turbine and constructed two Jonval turbines.

A course delivered by the distinguished professor Ivan Avgustovich Time at the Mining Institute. The author compares hydraulic engines with steam engines. All advantages lie with the latter. Hydraulic engines require a specific type of terrain, climatic conditions, and their operation is inconsistent throughout the year, etc. Steam engines, on the contrary, can be installed anywhere; climatic conditions do not affect them; their operation is consistent; but along with these fundamental principles, steam engines also have an important drawback, namely the possibility of a steam boiler explosion.

I. A. Time authored two major works on steam engines: 'Fuel Economy in Steam Engines over Two Centuries' (1882) and 'A Practical Course on Steam Engines' (1887). In their time, both constituted a valuable contribution to Russian technical literature. In the first work, the author provides a brief historical outline of the development and improvement of the steam engine and presents detailed data elucidating the impact of successive improvements on fuel economy. In his second work, I. A. Time aimed to tailor the course to the needs of steam engine design at the Mining Institute.

In his numerous works published in Gornyi Zhurnal and Gorno-Zavodskii Listok, Ivan Avgustovich Time addresses not only scientific and technical questions but also economic ones. One of his first articles on an economic topic appeared in the November 1877 issue of Gornyi Zhurnal under the title: "On the Urgent Need to Establish Independent Pig Iron Smelting in Russia Using Mineral Fuel".

The ideas about the enormous practical importance of systematically organizing rescue operations in the fight against firedamp, expressed by Ivan Avgustovich nine years earlier, and his proposal on this matter are now universally recognized. However, in 1899, when the article in question was written, Ivan Avgustovich was one of the very few pioneers whose noble efforts and initiative our mines owe for the fact that rescue operations have since emerged from the "infantile" state they were in back in 1899, when the article under review was written.

Bibliographic Index of the Works of I.A. Time – see the volume/issue.