Vol 42 Iss. 2

The present article is based on studies of Paleogene sediments of the so-called Sattar Plateau, located on the northwestern edge of the Fergana Valley near the town of Adrasman. As a result of the study of stratigraphic sections and fauna, a composite section was compiled, which can be considered paleoenvironmental, although its construction does not quite correspond to the full meaning of this word.

In 1955-1959 we studied the stratigraphy, lithology and tectonics of the flysch Taurian series in the southwestern part of the Mountainous Crimea. A detailed geologic survey was made over a large area of the Salgir-Alma and Alma-Bodrak interfluves. In addition, routes, accompanied by documentation of sections, were carried out in all the main valleys of southwestern Crimea. Numerous faunal remains were collected in the course of the work, allowing us to clarify the age of the individual stratigraphic elements that make up the series.

Paleocene and Eocene sediments participate in the structure of the northwestern wing of the Crimean meganticlinorium. Nummulitic clays, marls and limestones of the Eocene crown the Second Ridge of the Crimean Mountains almost all along its length from Sevastopol Bay to Simferopol. Eocene sediments in the southwestern part of the Second Ridge lie on Paleocene sediments, and towards Simferopol they pass to more and more ancient sediments of the Upper Cretaceous. In the immediate vicinity of Simferopol, in the left side of the Salgir valley, the Eocene rocks lie already on the Turonian and Cenomanian marls, and at the watershed of the Salgir and Little Salgir - even on the Middle Jurassic sediments.

Н. V. Petrovskaya in her work “On productive associations in gold deposits” and others states that gold associations in quartz-gold deposits are determined by the simultaneity of sedimentation and chemically or mechanically favorable for gold deposition environment represented by some early minerals. These two types of gold associations have been respectively named constant-productive and alternating-productive.

Kurzhunkulskoye contact-metasomatic iron ore deposit (Taranovsky district of Kustanay region) is confined to the thickness of sedimentary-volcanogenic rocks of Lower Carboniferous age, represented by porphyrites, quartz porphyries, volcanic tuffs, limestones and vein rocks. The vast majority of ore bodies are confined to volcanogenic rocks, less often to their contact with limestone. The most common are solid, rich disseminated and brecciated ores. Spherulite-like aggregates of magnetite occur almost exclusively in spurious magnetite ores, often entire ore bodies are composed of ore of this texture. Such ores gravitate to the lower parts of the section, located near limestone horizons. In disseminated ores similar magnetite isolations are very rare. In magnetite ores, hematite and sulfides are constantly admixed; quite often sulfides, especially pyrite, are represented by lamellar separations, which are most characteristic of ores of spherulite-like texture.

The Kurzhunkulskoe deposit is relatively small, but some features of mineralization development are very distinct in it and are characteristic of a number of other magnetite deposits of Kustanay region.

Hypothesis of formation of secondary dome-shaped and ridge-shaped diapiric structures in thick lignite deposit. The hypothesis of formation of secondary dome-shaped and ridge-shaped diapiric structures in the thick lignite deposit of Babaevskoe deposit (Southern Urals) was developed earlier. In recent years, new data have been obtained that more fully characterize the structure of dome-shaped and ridge-shaped diapirs of the Babaevskoye field. Mining workings of the Kumertaussky (Ermolaevsky) coal mine have completely uncovered the coal deposit, including the “basal layer” of diapir structures, i.e., the layers located at the base of diapirs and not subject to plastic deformations. The studies conducted in 1954-1958 by G. L. Fisenko and G. L. Fisenko (1954-1958) have shown that the diapir structures are not subject to plastic deformation. G. L. Fisenko studies of landslide phenomena at the Kumertaus coal mine, in particular, numerous tests of physical and mechanical properties of coal and host rocks, provide sufficient data for approximate calculation of the possibility of plastic deformation and flow of layers of the coal deposit in the areas of development of diapiric structures.

The Dzhebariki-Khaya deposit is located in the southern part of the Aldan coal-bearing region. Coal seams I and II are developed here, which lie in Middle Jurassic sediments. Chemical and technological properties of coals from the Dzhebariki-Khaya deposit were studied by the Institute of Combustible Minerals of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, All-Union Research Institute for Oil Refining and Production of Artificial Liquid Fuel and Gas (VNIINP, formerly VNIGI), North-Eastern Geological Department and others. Some data on the quality of coals of this deposit are given in the work of N. N. Dolgopolov.

In order to compare lithological methods of studying coal-bearing deposits, the article considers the main theoretical basis of the facial-geotectonic method developed by the author, which is essentially different from the facial-cyclic and facial-geotectonic methods, and raises the question of merging the facial-cyclic and facial-geotectonic methods. The practical application of the proposed lithologic methods in geological exploration is evaluated.

In the works “Anti-Dühring”, “Dialectics of Nature”, “Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy” Friedrich Engels pays much attention to philosophical issues of natural science. The statements of F. Engels concerning mathematics, cosmology, physics, chemistry, biology have been repeatedly commented. This article analyzes the statements of F. Engels concerning geology.