Vol 68 Iss. 2

The prerequisites of coal formation in their most general form were considered by Yu. A. Zhemchuzhnikov and became the topic of discussion at many conferences on the geology of coal deposits. …

The degree of participation of gelitolites in the structure of coal seams increases from the Lower Carboniferous to the Neogene. Whereas in the seams of the Lower Carboniferous they form thin layers, in the Middle Carboniferous they acquire seam-forming significance, forming seams of small and medium thickness. ...

In coal basins and deposits with intense magmatism, along with distinct, but local contact changes near intrusions, areal and vertical zonality is outlined in the distribution of coals of different quality. …

Recently, in the practice of geological exploration modern methods of processing exploration data have been widely introduced – mathematical modeling, the use of computers, and improved methods of chemical and spectral analysis and technological testing. At the same time, the reliability of the final results mainly depends on the accuracy of the initial data, and the latter – on a number of "small" errors made in the exploration process. This is repeatedly mentioned in his works by E. O. Pogrebitsky. ...

The Lower Carboniferous coal deposits of the eastern slope of the Urals are a recognized reference for a coal-bearing formation of the geosynclinal type. This has also been reflected in the genetic classification of coal-bearing deposits proposed by E. O. Pogrebitsky. The necessity of a detailed study of this still poorly studied coal-bearing formation is obvious, for the most accurate possible determination of its classification features. ...

Clarification of the real possibilities of exploration of mineral deposits is closely related to the development of general theoretical principles in this field. ...

In the late forties and early fifties, through the efforts of geophysicists and geologists of the Urals and Kazakhstan in the Trans-Ural region, on the territory of the Turgai Trough, a new iron ore province of the Soviet Union was discovered, represented by a large group of contact-metasomatic deposits of magnetite ores and subsequently called the Main Iron Ore Belt of the Turgai Trough. ...

The integrated use of minerals is a most important means of using them sparingly, reducing losses in the subsurface, prolonging the life of mines and, accordingly, more fully satisfying the needs of social production. At the same time, the mining industry is concentrated, capital investments are saved, and the total expenditure of labor, time, and money on extraction is reduced. ...

Complex magnetite ores are typical of contact-metasomatic iron ore deposits. In addition to iron, they contain sulfur, cobalt, copper, lead, vanadium, phosphorus and other valuable components. At present, sulfide concentrates are extracted from magnetite ores: cobalt-pyrite, copper, lead and zinc, in the future it is possible to extract apatite, calcite, and sometimes datolite. ...

The correlation coefficient as a measure of linear relationship between geological-industrial parameters (thickness of ore bodies, content of components in ores, etc.) is widely used in practice and has numerous applications. At the same time, the values of geological-industrial parameters are always measured with some error, which undoubtedly affects the value of the correlation coefficient and may even lead to an erroneous conclusion about the relationship between geological-industrial parameters. Let us consider the effect of sampling error on the value of the correlation coefficient between the contents of two components in the ore. ...

Gold deposits confined to mineralized zones of crushing and folding of sandstone-shale sequences have specific structural features. They differ from the widespread quartz-gold deposits of the vein type not only in the morphology of ore-hosting bodies, but also in the structure of ore fields confined to large discontinuous structures of deep occurrence, the long and complex history of ore formation, the significant scale of hydrothermally altered and mineralized rocks, and the predominant role of microscopic and sometimes dispersed gold in the ores. To put it simply, whereas for vein quartz-gold deposits the problem of prospecting and subsequent exploration comes down to finding veins and identifying areas (blocks) with commercial ores in them using the already repeatedly tested exploration grid, the theoretical aspects of the methodology for exploring gold deposits of the mineralized crushing zone type and their practical solution still need to be developed. ...

The economic evaluation of mineral deposits should be based on the valuation of explored reserves of mineral raw materials to justify the permissible level of socially necessary costs for their exploration, extraction and processing. Such an evaluation is also necessary to ensure the fullest and most rational use of the subsurface. ...

As is known, phlogopite is used mainly for the production of split mica, which is used for the manufacture of various electrical-insulating bonded products (micalents, micanites, etc.). …

Deposits of refractory clays in the northwestern part of the Donbass are confined to the sandy-clay sequence of the Poltava Formation of the Lower Neogene. Refractory clays occur on the Upper Paleogene sandy sediments of the Kharkov and Berek formations; they are covered by sands of the Poltava Formation or variegated clays of the Lower Neogene horizon of variegated clays, and less often by Quaternary loams. ...

When selecting a system of prospecting and exploration work in the evaluation of fields, their geological and industrial classification is important, reflecting both the peculiarities of the geological structure of the field and the variability of the main geological and industrial parameters of deposits. ...

Relatively few works have been published on the methodology of exploration of platform bauxite deposits of the karst type. In them, recommendations on the shape and density of exploration networks are given taking into account those applied in practice, without substantiation or analysis. The variability of bauxite bodies at the deposits of the considered type has practically not been studied, although similar studies on bauxite deposits of the geosynclinal type were carried out by Yu. M. Rodchenko. ...

Dolomitization of phosphorite ores increases the content of MgO, which deteriorates the quality of ores and in some cases converts them into the category of substandard, off-balance ores. Individual local areas of the deposit are subject to dolomitization. Naturally, it is desirable to identify them during exploration operations and exclude them from the balance reserves. ...

The carbonatometric method is based on the study of dispersion halos of calcite - primary and secondary, which are the most important direct prospecting indicators of deposits of this mineral. In searching for deposits of Iceland spar by existing methods (geological survey, boulder-train) they are used only partially. Researchers pay attention only to coarse-clastic mechanical (secondary) dispersion halos, as well as to the presence in the bedrock of veinlets or disseminations of calcite, which constitute primary (macro) dispersion halos. ...

The most important task of the present time is the protection of nature and the most efficient use of natural resources, in particular deposits of monocrystalline raw materials: Iceland spar, rock crystal, optical fluorite, tourmaline, muscovite, phlogopite, precious and ornamental stones, etc. Deposits of these minerals are quite rare, and accumulations of high-quality single crystals in substantial quantities are encountered even more rarely. ...

In recent years, in the press and at scientific conferences both at home and abroad, ideas about the depletion of mineral deposits and even about the limitedness and depletion of mineral resources in general have been intensively discussed. Such concepts are mentioned most often in connection with the discussion of the problem of environmental and subsurface protection, the urgency of which has become obvious to everyone. As a result, they have become almost universally accepted, so there is no need to provide any detailed list of relevant literature. Let us refer only to one of the recent works, which states that the characteristic features of minerals that distinguish them from other types of natural resources (e.g., plant and water resources, wildlife, solar energy, etc.), are limitedness, exhaustibility and non-reproducibility ...