Crystalline-liquid state as a general property of matter

Abstract

In my previous studies, published in 1905-1908 in Russian and German, I showed that any body, both simple and complex chemical composition, can be obtained: in good clear crystals; in an “irreversible” colloidal state (in the form of sols and “irreversible” colloidal-amorphous sediments); in a “reversible” colloidal state (by rapid cooling and increasing association of dissolved particles into the solution).