A Contribution to the Problem of Provinces of Mineral Waters in the USSR
Abstract
The author establishes a zonal distribution for different groups of mineral waters on the territory of the USSR, based on numerous facts. The author proposes to name the regions of expansion of mineral waters of one or another of the typical groups mineral water provinces. On the territory of the USSR he distinguishes the following provinces (see map). The first province. Waters of hydro-carbonate, alkaline-earths or (infrequently) sodium and admixed waters, cold and thermal, emanating carbonic acid. The zone of aquiferous fissures of medium depth.. The second province. Sodium waters — sulphate, chloride, hydro-carbonate and admixed, thermal, emanating nitrogen or methane. The zone of deep aquiferous fissures. In this province there may be distinguished regions of expansion of waters with a prevalence of chlorine-ion, emanating methane and characterized by a development of rocks of the sedimentary complex. Such are the Caucasus, the southern part of Turkmenia, Sakhalin and Kamchatka, the area of contemporary volcanic waters, zones of the deepest aquiferous fissures. The third province — saline, strongly mineralized waters, cold, weakly emanating nitrogen or methane. The zone of shallow aquiferous fissures. The Boreal area of saline waters, with negative or extremely low positive temperatures, may be especially distinguished. Moreover the scheme shows regions with rare ferruginous, radioactive and other springs and also places quite barren of mineral waters. Finally — regions of indistinct conditions. The main factors controlling the zonal distribution of the provinces of mineral waters on the territory of the USSR are the following: 1) the composition of the earth crust in the given regions, 2) the position of this region towards the Alpidean folding zone, 3) its position with regard to areas of young uplifts and subsidences, 4) volcanism and several others.
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