Two options for using graticules for shaft orientation

Abstract

Graticules are known in surveying practice under the name of Bratgun scales, to whom they were proposed for observing the fluctuations of the plumb line instead of the usual scales installed near the plumb lines. Bratgun's proposal was used for orientation through two mines and for this purpose, mining theodolites are equipped with an additional ocular elbow with a graticule and reticle. To use the graticule, the ocular pipe of the theodolite tube is replaced with a pipe with a graticule. The scale is applied mechanically or photographically to the glass. The price of one scale division depends on the focal length of the sighting tube; in mountain theodolites it is equal to about 50 "". The high accuracy of the scale strokes and the low cost of the scale divisions make it possible to use graticules not only when orienting through two shafts, but also through one. This article proposes a method for using graticules to solve one of the most important tasks in surveying: orienting mine surveys. This method introduces technical improvements in the production of orientation and reduces the time for its execution. The proposed methods of using graticules increase the speed of orientation, do not require capital and bulky platforms for scales, and allow the observer to make measurements and observations in the mine in better conditions.