Equalization of surveying underground reference networks

Abstract

Theodolite traverses laid along underground workings are calculated gradually, as the workings advance. For some time the traverses remain free, then they gradually form closed polygons, to a greater or lesser extent interconnected. Connection of the underground reference network to the redundant initial data (direction angles of the sides, determined by the gyroscopic method, coordinates of points transferred from the surface through vertical or inclined workings) is carried out relatively rarely.

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