Equalization of surveying underground reference networks

Abstract

Theodolite moves laid along underground workings are calculated gradually, as the workings advance. For some time the courses remain dangling, then they gradually form closed polygons, to a greater or lesser extent interconnected. Connection of the underground reference network to the redundant source data (directional angles of the sides, determined by the gyroscopic method, coordinates of points transferred from the surface through vertical or inclined excavations) is carried out relatively rarely.