A concept of the origin of asteroids and meteorites that is different from the generally accepted one is proposed. The solar system is considered as a physically "open" system of bodies, which is periodically exposed to a strong galactic impact, which became 4.7 billion years ago the cause of the destruction of Phaeton. On the basis of meteorite data, a deep connection between the shell structure of Phaethon and the modern Earth has been established, which allows us to better understand the nature of planetary evolution after accretion. The existence of chemical classes and groups of meteorites is explained as a result of mixing of material of separate inner shells of Phaeton and gas-dust substance of galactic comets. Having considered the range of processes currently taking place in the asteroid belt, which are important for understanding the nature and origin of other small bodies of the solar system.
