This paper presents a review and analysis of scientific articles and patents addressing the disposal and processing of soda production waste. Examples of methods for reducing the toxicity of sludge, using waste in construction (including road construction), and processing it into chemical compounds are provided. Particular attention is paid to the use of sludge for soil reclamation. The ammonia-soda process (the Solvay process) for producing soda ash is the predominant method worldwide. A significant drawback of this process is the generation of hazardous production waste, which necessitates compliance with environmental requirements and regulations during storage and processing. Russian practices for managing soda production waste lag behind European ones due to low prices for primary natural raw materials, the heterogeneity of waste composition and properties, the need for preliminary waste treatment, and the low level of environmental payments by enterprises for waste disposal. Tightening environmental safety requirements for soda ash production waste and the high cost of maintaining settling ponds are driving the development of processing methods. The choice of processing method depends on the plant᾽s location, energy capacity, and the company᾽s financial condition. The use of sludge in the production of building materials is limited by the presence of chloride ions, small particle size, thixotropic properties of the material, and variability in sludge composition. Road construction is the most promising avenue in terms of disposal volumes and the use of waste without additional treatment. The use of waste for land reclamation requires a selective approach to site selection and additional research. Despite the wide range of possible applications for soda production waste, the problem of its disposal remains pressing. This is due to the volumes of soda production and the resulting waste, as well as the need for financial investment to implement disposal methods

During the development of coal deposits, acid mine waters flowing to the surface cause the formation of acid sulphate soils. We study the effectiveness of soil reclamation by agrochemical and geochemical methods at the site of acid mine water discharge in the Kizel Coal Basin, carried out in 2005 using alkaline waste from soda production and activated sludge. A technosol with a stable phytocenosis was detected on the reclaimed site, and soddy-podzolic soil buried under the technogenic soil layer with no vegetation on the non-reclaimed site. The buried soddy-podzolic soil retains a strong acid рН concentration Н₂О = 3. A high content of organic matter (8-1.5 %) is caused by carbonaceous particles; the presence of sulphide minerals reaches a depth of 40 cm. Technosol has a slightly acid pH reaction H₂O = 5.5, the content of organic matter due to the use of activated sludge is 19-65 %, the presence of sulphide minerals reaches a depth of 20-40 cm. The total iron content in the upper layers of the technosol did not change (190-200 g/kg), the excess over the background reaches 15 times. There is no contamination with heavy metals and trace elements, single elevated concentrations of Li, Se, B and V are found.