This paper presents new data on various types of pegmatites from the Larsemann Hills oasis (Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica), collected during the 70th Russian Antarctic Expedition in 2024-2025. As a result of comprehensive geological and geophysical investigations, all pegmatite occurrences in the area belonging to different stages of the Pan-African orogeny have been described, analyzed, and systematically classified in a unified context for the first time. In addition to previously known pegmatites associated with deformation stages D2-3, D4, and post-D4, a further subdivision is proposed based on mineralogical-geochemical characteristics and the content of natural radionuclides. These include borosilicate D2-3 pegmatites, rare-metal D4 pegmatites, muscovite-bearing post-D4 pegmatites, as well as two newly identified types not previously described in the region: K-feldspar D4' pegmatites and miarolitic rare-metal post-D4' pegmatites, which differ in morphology, mineralogy, and geochemical features. Special attention is given to the structural-tectonic control of pegmatite bodies, their geological setting, zoning patterns, and the results of gamma spectrometric and magnetic surveys. Pegmatitic formations containing rare typomorphic minerals – such as tourmaline, boralsilite, grandidierite, and chrysoberyl – are also examined. The results indicate a significant diversity of pegmatite formation conditions, help refine the PT parameters and timing of the initial and final stages of the Pan-African metamorphic event, and confirm the genetic link between pegmatite development and D2-D4 deformation stages. These findings contribute to the reconstruction of Early Paleozoic pegmatite-forming stages during anatectic processes in the geodynamic evolution of East Antarctica and Gondwana.

This study examines elements of the platinum group (PGE), primarily platinum and palladium, as geochemical indicators in the investigation of oil polygenesis. It has been found that, like other trace elements such as nickel, vanadium, and cobalt, platinum group elements and gold can occur in oil fields at both background levels and in elevated or even anomalously high concentrations. The objective of this research is to analyze PGE and trace elements as geochemical markers to identify the geological factors, including endogenous processes, responsible for these unusually high concentrations in oil. A comprehensive review of the literature on this subject was conducted, along with new data on the presence of precious metals in oils from Russia and globally. The study explores the geological mechanisms behind elevated PGE concentrations in oils, utilizing atomic absorption spectroscopy with atomization in the HGA-500 graphite furnace to measure PGE content. Previously, the tellurium co-deposition method (ISO 10478:1994) was used to isolate noble metals from associated elements. Possible geological origins of abnormally high concentrations of platinum metals in oils have been identified. These include endogenous factors such as the spatial proximity of oil fields to ultrabasic rock massifs, the effects of contact-metasomatic processes, and influences from mantle dynamics. Moreover, data concerning mantle elements can serve as indicators of the depth origins of certain hydrocarbon fluids, thus contributing to the study of oil polygenesis.