Cretaceous deposits represent one of the most important stratigraphic intervals characterized by the development of hydrocarbon reservoir rocks. Given the growing demand for energy resources and the depletion of proven reserves, further study into the Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Chechen Republic is a crucial task for the region and the entire country aiming to ensure its energy security. For the Chechen Republic, which has a significant number of historically explored oil fields, the synthesis and reinterpretation of logging data will open up new opportunities for the development of deep horizons. More than ten fields associated with the Lower Cretaceous deposits are discovered in the Tersko-Sunzhenskaya oil and gas region (TSOGR). The thick oil and gas bearing terrigenous sequence formed in the coastal zone of the marine basin in the East Caucasian foredeep is one of the most important areas for hydrocarbon production in the Chechen Republic. We provide a brief summary of the exploration status of the Lower Cretaceous rocks in the Eastern Ciscaucasia since the early period. We present information on the geological and geophysical exploration status and oil and gas potential of the Lower Cretaceous in the TSOGR. In addition, we generalized data on the distribution, formation, and development features of the Lower Cretaceous reservoir rocks and associated oil and gas reserves to improve understanding of the prospects for further development of the Lower Cretaceous deposits in the Chechen Republic – one of the oldest industrially developed Cretaceous deposits.