At the mines of Apatit Combine, using a system of storey forced caving, in the blocks mined under the previously extinguished horizons, the definition of ore losses is complicated due to the transfer of beaten substandard ore and losses from the upper blocks. ...
Трещиноватость пород — общее свойство горного массива, характеризующееся повсеместным распространением и неравномерностью развития, а также выраженной средней ориентировкой систем трещин внутри геологических структур. Интенсивность проявления трещиноватости определяется, как показывают наблюдения, составом пород и условиями их залегания. Совокупность трещиноватости отдельных слоев, пластов и стратиграфических горизонтов дает трещиноватость горного массива. Являясь важным структурным элементом горного массива, трещиноватость пород, особенно в условиях складчатого залегания угольных месторождений, представляет собой постоянно действующий фактор на условия разработки.
When developing disturbed areas of coal deposits, it is often necessary to deal with the assignment of exploratory or opening mine workings on a displaced wing of the seam. When a fault device encounters mine workings driven along the seam, one wing of the seam, carrying these workings, is a known wing in the solution of the specified problem, and the other is a displaced wing relative to the known or displaced wing. The solution of this and other geometric problems when working on disturbed areas - before exploration or opening of the sought (displaced) wing - is based on the assumption that the displaced wing is parallel to the known wing. Before solving the problem, it is necessary to establish the type of displacement encountered and select the direction of the working opening the displaced wing. To do this, it is necessary to know the vector of the "true" relative displacement of the displaced wing or the amplitude of the displacement in a certain direction, established by exploration. Strokes, furrows, potholes and crush halos on the plane of the fault device, as well as wing turns near cracks can serve as signs indicating the direction of movement of the "lost" wing, and can be used to determine the type of displacement and select the direction that opens the desired wing of the working.
When developing coal deposits, seams and associated mine workings are depicted on plans and sections. A seam plan and a vertical cross-section across the strike of rocks through the opening workings are mandatory components of a set of basic mine surveying plans for any conditions of coal seam occurrence. In conditions of steep seam dip, in addition to the above, a vertical projection of the seam onto a vertical plane passing through a line parallel to the dominant strike of the seam is also necessarily drawn up. When developing a group of inclined and steeply dipping seams, a horizontal section ("horizon" plan) is also drawn up with an image of the seams, capital and main development workings on it. On the listed mine surveying plans and sections - the main technical documents of the mine - the conditions of seam occurrence, and consequently, fault dislocations (displacements) must be properly reflected. A number of mandatory requirements are imposed on the specified documentation, contained in the current instructions and symbols.
Из числа разрабатываемых угольных месторождений СССР Сучанское месторождение по геологическим признакам и горно-эксплуатационным факторам является одним из самых сложных. Для него свойственны следующие основные особенности. Месторождение сильно дислоцировано. Пликативная и дизъюнктивная тектоника выражена резко. Угольные пласты (как горизонты) выражены, но изменчивы по мощности и качеству. Угленосная толща по плоскостям ослабления прорезана изверженными породами с проявлениями контактового метаморфизма. Ввиду того что антиклинальные части складок в значительной мере денудированы, разрабатываемые пласты угля заключены в синклинальных частях складок. Представляет несомненный интерес выяснение по данным эксплуатации распределения смещений и форм, в которых они проявляются в указанных условиях.
The described displacements belong to a special type of fault tectonics, which occurs in cover structures and develops in them as a result of movements of the underlying rigid base. Therefore, displacements of this type are of interest as a characteristic example of tectonics manifestation in the coal-bearing strata of the Lower Tertiary age. A general idea of the nature of the manifestation of displacements is given by the schematic map of displacements and outcrops of coal seams (Fig. 1) and the geological section (Fig. 2). The coal-bearing strata of the Lower Tertiary age (Fig. 2) unconformably lies on the eroded surface of Mesozoic rocks. It is composed mainly of sandy clayey rocks. The underlying Mesozoic rocks in the area of contact with coal-bearing deposits are represented by destroyed conglomerate and quartz-feldspar sandstones.
