The concept of “probability” occupies a prominent place in the categorical apparatus of modern science, but a number of issues related to the clarification of the meaning of probability and the conditions of applicability of this concept have not been sufficiently investigated so far. Among them is the problem of the possibility of attributing probability to single events. Considering this question, we will deal only with the mathematical concept of probability and the logical interpretation based on this mathematical concept, leaving aside the philosophical aspect of probability, shown by the author in another work.

The Program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, adopted by the XXII Congress, provides for a new progress of Soviet science and outlines the main tasks facing the various fields of theoretical knowledge. Referring to the tasks of philosophy, the Program of the CPSU points out: “In the age of rapid development of science, the development of philosophical problems of modern natural science on the basis of dialectical materialism as the only scientific method of cognition acquires even greater urgency.

In the works “Anti-Dühring”, “Dialectics of Nature”, “Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy” Friedrich Engels pays much attention to philosophical issues of natural science. The statements of F. Engels concerning mathematics, cosmology, physics, chemistry, biology have been repeatedly commented. This article analyzes the statements of F. Engels concerning geology.

Книга В. И. Ленина «Материализм и эмпириокритицизм» вышла в свет полвека тому назад. За это время она успешно выдержала про­верку временем и стала еще более актуальной. В этой работе, развивая далее диалектический и исторический материализм, борясь с попытками ревизионистов и буржуазных философов «опровергнуть и превзойти» марксизм, В. И. Ленин дал вместе с тем подробный анализ закономер­ной и необходимой связи естествознания и философии, показал, что современное естествознание является ареной острейшей борьбы двух непримиримых партий в философии — борьбы материализма с идеализ­мом; исследуя «кризис физики», возникший в начале XX в., В. И. Ленин вскрыл причины «физического идеализма» и предсказал путь выхода из этого кризиса.