Ion exchange is widely used in hydrometallurgy, especially in the extraction of rare earth or dispersed elements from solutions. The field of application of ionites in non-ferrous metallurgy can be significantly expanded, firstly, if sufficiently cheap and high-capacity domestic ionites are available, and secondly, if the mechanism of the ion exchange process is known, which makes it possible to obtain, analyze and use appropriate kinetic equations. For a number of cations (copper, zinc, etc.), the domestic KU-2 cationite can be confidently attributed to the number of ionites meeting the first requirement. Not having selectivity with respect to ions of a certain grade in the combined presence of several ions, KU-2 cationite turns out to be quite capacious with respect to each of the cations individually.

A gushing layer can serve as one of the intensive methods of contacting a solid material with a liquid. While a significant number of works have been devoted to its hydrodynamic patterns in the G—S system, there is practically no work on the hydrodynamics and mass transfer of the gushing layer in the G—S system. The lack of a complete analogy in the behavior of these two heterogeneous systems, caused by a significant difference in the viscosity and density of the light phases of L and G, urgently requires independent hydrodynamic studies of the gushing layer in the L—S system...