A method for recovering the full electron velocity distribution function and its angular components in a plasma with an arbitrary degree of anisotropy has been developed. The method is based on the measurement of the second derivative of the probe current with respect to the potential for different orientations of a flat one-sided probe with respect to the plasma symmetry axis. The optimal angles of the probe orientation are determined and the number of probe orientations necessary to recover the angular components of the electron velocity distribution of a given rank is estimated. The operability of the proposed method for determining the electron velocity distribution in a plasma with an arbitrary degree of anisotropy is demonstrated in a model experiment.

The kinetic equation for the motion of ions in the intrinsic gas is solved. It is shown that the ion velocity distribution differs significantly from the equilibrium (Maxwellian) distribution. The probe method was used to study the ion velocity distribution function in a low-temperature helium plasma.

The most well-known focusing system for a beam of paramagnetic atoms is a six-pole magnet. However, the design and technology of its manufacture are relatively complex. In this article, a relatively simple magnetic focusing system is proposed...

Atomic and molecular beams are widely used in a number of quantum electronics and radio spectroscopy devices. The use of intensity modulators in these devices would simplify the task of beam indication, since amplification of weak variable signals is more technically simple than constant ones...

The issue of measuring the refractive indices of nickel carbonyl has been covered in only two papers. However, the purity of the samples used for measurements is not indicated in them; measurements were carried out for a small number of spectral lines and in a limited temperature range...

The cross section of the nickel carbonyl oxidation reaction was measured by studying the kinetics of the reaction. The amount of reacted substances was determined by the appearance of oxidation products in the reaction chamber using the optical method. As is known, the oxidation products of nickel carbonyl ...

Interest in studying the polarization of spectral lines by electron impact has increased significantly recently. This is especially true for measurements at the threshold of excitation ...

As is known, alkali metal vapors ionize on the clean surface of a foreign metal if the output of the latter is greater than the ionization energy of the alkali atom. This phenomenon is explained by the occurrence of thermodynamic equilibrium in the metal-atom surface system during collisions...