The technology of regional monitoring of the environment and the state of natural-technical complexes based on the use of data obtained by space observation means has been developed. The requirements to the composition and structure of algorithmic and software for preliminary and thematic image processing, as well as recommendations for the integration of geo-information systems and software complexes for remote sensing data processing are defined.
The scientific and methodological bases of building a regional information and analytical system of extreme situations risk management have been developed, which is realized in the form of a computer system containing electronic databases on potentially dangerous objects and extreme situations, automated workplaces, applied software for forecasting and assessment of possible (probable) consequences of extreme situations on the basis of geoinformation technologies.
The possibilities of using Earth remote sensing (ERS) space systems for environmental monitoring tasks were analyzed. The technology of regional monitoring of the environment and the state of natural-technical complexes based on the use of data obtained by space surveillance. The requirements to the composition and structure of algorithmic and software for preliminary and thematic processing of images, as well as recommendations for the integration of geoinformation systems and software complexes of remote sensing data processing are defined.
The concept of the regional informational and analytical system of emergency situations (ES) risk management, which is implemented as a computer system containing electronic databases of potentially dangerous objects and emergencies, automated workstations (AWS), applied software for the prediction and assessment of the possible consequences of emergencies based on geoinformation technologies.
A scientific, methodological and software and information base for the organization of environmental monitoring of potentially hazardous objects was created. The normative-methodical materials establishing the subject, content and order of organization of local monitoring on the objects of high ecological risk and in the zone of their direct influence were developed. The structure and composition of the information-analytical system with the use of geoinformation technologies were determined. The software of the data bank "Territorial register of potentially dangerous objects" was created.
A concept of using Earth remote sensing (ERS) data within the framework of the information-analytical system of the Department of Natural Resources for the Ural region, which is being created, is developed. Requirements for the composition and structure of software for preliminary and thematic processing of images, as well as recommendations for the integration of geographic information systems and remote sensing data processing software complexes are given. The developed software complex, which implements the technology of processing information from multispectral and radar space surveillance systems, is described. For expansion of a class of the solved problems the program complex consisting of three modules is developed: synthesis of the image on a radio hologram of SAR, processing of images and estimation of their qualitative characteristics. The image synthesis module is based on the algorithm developed by the authors and allows to carry out the received signal parameters estimation: the central Doppler frequency and the rate of its change on the formed image. The image processing module contains algorithms to improve radar imaging on the screen: contrasting, nonlinear quantization, zooming, etc., as well as image restoration algorithms (additive and multiplicative noise filtering, separation of regions with different EPR, detection and recognition of different objects, etc.). The module of RLI parameter analysis is intended to improve its interpretability by human-operator during interpretation. For this purpose the histogram of brightness distribution of any image fragment is built, and also its statistical characteristics are calculated.
The system of complex assessment for various objects of national economy is presented, allowing to rank them by the degree of ecological risk. Regulatory and methodological documents establishing the subject, content and procedure of local monitoring for high environmental risk facilities and their corresponding impact territories are developed. The structure and content of the computer database "Regional List of Potentially Hazardous Facilities", which is the core of the monitoring system being created, have been determined.
