At the present time, the problem of oil pollution of soils in the territory of mining enterprises by liquid hydrocarbons is one of the most pressing. The main results of the study of oil pollution halos at some oil product storage facilities in different natural and climatic regions of the Russian plate are presented. Studies have shown that to solve various environmental problems requires a synthesis of mechanical and biological methods of remediation of soils and natural waters. Biological methods consist in the introduction of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms in the form of biopreparations with the additional introduction of biogens into the treated soil. The most rational methods of remediation should be implemented at the industrial enterprises of the North with difficult geo-temperature conditions. The method of "in situ" bioremediation is the most advantageous from environmental and economic points of view. The construction of an in-situ bioreactor with preliminary thawing of frozen soils is based on solving thermodynamic problems. Preliminary estimates of the thawing radius for different time periods (without taking into account the latent heat of phase transition) have been obtained.
At present, the irrational use of natural resources and the ever-increasing technogenic impact on the environment lead to numerous ecological disaster zones and disasters. Philosophical judgments and methods of synergetics allow us to study environmental problems at a deeper level: a) to understand the processes of self-organization of systems, features of bifurcations and dissipative structures; b) to formulate the causes of past environmental crises and calculate the probability of their recurrence. Synthesis of methods of physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics and other sciences allows, in the light of synergetics, to apply models of catastrophe theory to solve various ecological problems. The expansion and deepening of the zone of anthropogenic impact on the environment leads to the formation of a new ecosystem with the latest properties and characteristics. The article shows the relationship between systems with different degrees of equilibrium and formulates the potential causes of the next global ecological crisis of the planet.
