The summation and isobolic methods of assessing the impact of factors of different nature on environmental components are considered. Despite the simplicity of the summation formula, which is included in many normative documents, we came to the conclusion that it is more appropriate to apply the isobolic model.
Methods for quantitative study, assessment, rationing and selection of measures for regulation of multifactorial anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems of freshwater reservoirs and watercourses have been developed. Reaction of biota to influence is estimated by a condition of macrozoobenthos as the most sensitive bioindicator, and the influence itself is estimated by the special indicator taking into account effect of interaction of factors. The regulation of multifactorial impact is based on identifying its maximum permissible level, which does not cause irreversible changes in macrozoobenthos. Regulation of the impact is aimed at reducing it to the maximum permissible combinations of interacting factors to achieve a safe level of their joint biotic effect.
An important role in the commercial activity of the enterprise is played by production accounting, various forms of organization of which provide the use of a particular method of cost management. The need for the latter is dictated by the basic principle of commercial activity - obtaining income (profit). The quality of management depends on the methods of cost accounting, their efficiency and completeness. Cost management is connected with the formation of information field of regression on the place of formation and accumulation of production costs at the enterprises. For this purpose, the analysis is carried out according to cost items for structural divisions with subsequent grouping of analysis results by the main and servicing production units. The initial information is represented by a dynamic series of items of production costs. The purpose of the analysis is to highlight those cost items that have the greatest impact on the amount of total costs.
