A structural scheme of the algorithm for calculating atmospheric emissions from nuclear power plants is presented. The additive model of the effective scattering area of the emission takes into account different components of the process: air ionization by radionuclides, turbulence and thermal inhomogeneities, aerosol particles, tracks of alpha-particles and meteorological formations of natural origin. Input data for calculations are meteorological data, radar parameters and interference situation in the region. As a result of calculations the field of spatial cross-sections of NPP emission into the atmosphere can be obtained and spatial characteristics of technogenic and natural meteorological formations can be specified (using radar data).
This paper outlines the results of research on radar detection of man-made formations in the lower atmospheric layer at large distances. A generalized mathematical model of the scattering of electromagnetic waves (radar cross section - RCS) of the leakage from the chimney of a nuclear power plant was developed. The calculated functions of RCS from the radar wavelength showed that the RCS values for accidental leakage are not so large, which creates difficulties in radar detection. The problem of detecting and recognizing the type of leakage has a solution when using a network of multi-position multi-band radars.
