The state of the environment in St. Petersburg has been analyzed. The factors responsible for the deterioration of environmental quality have been identified. There is practically no unified regional system of environmental quality management, the level of environmental control and environmental monitoring is low. The system of new quality indicators based on the use of the system of environmental indicators and environmental quality indices is proposed. The main feature of the proposed system of indicators is a good compatibility of indicators with the requirements put forward by decision-making systems, namely the ease of interpretation and the possibility of making decisions on the basis of these indicators. Recommendations for the creation of regional environmental quality management system have been developed.
The increasing number of disasters and associated material and human losses requires the development of new approaches and methods of risk assessment. A general system of flood risk assessment based on spatial and temporal hydrological parameters of potential flood zones and general principles of cartographic execution of these zones has been developed. An original scheme of risk modeling based on air and water quality indicators and indices is considered.
Special types of monitoring of natural and anthropogenic disasters as basic elements of complex monitoring of dangerous phenomena are considered. Particular attention is paid to space sensing. The results of using some of them are given. The technique of forest fire forecasting using space monitoring is described, as well as the results of constructing Kohonen networks for studying meteorological hazards, the technique of flood forecasting on the rivers of southern Russia and the results of its testing are presented. A description of the system of operational forecasting of the Neva floods based on mathematical models is given.
