The large-scale occurrence of ruby and sapphire in Kenya is represented by contemporary river-bed and valley alluvial placers. The first ones are characterized by a high content of ruby (up to 10,4 ct/m3), the second type is interesting due to the amount of forecasted resources: up to 2,3 million ct of ruby and 1,2 million ct of sapphire. It turned out to trace the mechanism of corundum concentrations forming, the mineral crystallized in Archean high-alumina gneisses affected by Precambrian basites (ultrabasites), and then survived a complicated way: – ancient eluvium – ancient alluvium – transportation by basaltic Pleistocenic magma – Holocenic weathering crust of volcanites – talus – contemporary alluvium.
The living environment of the Northwest region of Russia is significantly affected by both natural geological (endogenous and exogenous geodynamic, geochemical and radiogeochemical) and anthropogenic factors. The greatest environmental hazards are those areas where there is a combination of high probability of dangerous natural phenomena and excessive technogenic impact on the environment. Such areas include the west of the Kola Peninsula, a number of territories of the Leningrad Region, and others.
Natural processes with negative impacts on the natural environment and human life safety are widely manifested on the territory of Russia: endogenous (seismic hazard) and exogenous (mudflows, avalanches) geodynamic phenomena, as well as the accumulation of anomalous concentrations of toxicants in geological bodies.
New occurrences of non-metallic minerals are described: vein quartz, rock crystal, talc-bearing rocks, Iceland spar, jasper rock, marble onyx, ceramic, abrasive and collectible raw materials. Cuba's non-traditional minerals predominate, some of which are imported.
Prerequisites of heavy minerals concentration on the northeastern coast of Cuba are considered. The first positive results of prospecting works are covered.
In the southwestern exocontact part of the Kovdorsky massif of ultrabasic, alkaline rocks and carbonatites (Kola Peninsula) there is a deposit of adatite-francolite ores, the bodies of which lie on weathered early calcite carbonatites with apatite, magnetite, sulfides and phlogopite ...
