The article contains a detailed description of twelve lithogenetic types of rocks identified in the composition of the paragenetic association of the Ostrov Berkha reef mass facies: back-reef lagoon, reef flat, reef core, fore reef slope (buttress), fore reef and pinnacles. The article provides information on the structure and texture, mineralogical-petrographic and chemical fea-tures of the reef composition and surrounding sediments. The analysis of the structure of facies zones and features of their lateral changes allowed creating a model of the reef mass structure.
Elements, forming the simple conceptions in stratigraphy such as a point, geological stratotype and point, a line, a surface and a boundary were characterized. Mediation of the mentioned conceptions through the ordinary mind is not enough for understanding of the spatiotemporal relations of the geological bodies in stratigraphy. The algorithm of the origination and typification of stratigraphical boundaries is also under consideration.
Models of geological objects are represented as the static, dynamic and retrospective systems. Paleogeographic reconstruction relates to a typical retrospective system. Its objective composition becomes possible on the basis of the lower rank systems: static and dynamic. Comparison between paleogeographic reconstructions in time shows the significance of tectonical factor in the forming of paleolandscape of the territory. Information on paleobiocoenosis is necessary for estimation of paleoclimate. The Author’s field investigation materials of the geological mapping on a scale of 1:200 000 at the Novaya Zemlya archipelago are taken as the basis of paleogeographic and paleofacies reconstructions.
