Oil and gas are the most important resources of the Arctic region. Oil and gas prospecting, exploration and development in the Arctic region is associated with solving complex technical and technological problems. One of the most important achievements was the discovery of the global Arctic zone of oil and gas occurrence. Numerous local objects were mapped and 22 hydrocarbon deposits were found on the shelves of the Barents, Pechora and Kara Seas. In connection with the prospects of developing oil and gas exploration in other Arctic waters (the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea) geophysical surveys and deep drilling were pro-posed to be carried out. In the area of transit shallow water it is advisable to use jack-up platforms with retractable legs. Deep drilling from islands is suggested for other parts of the seas with increasing depth and difficult ice conditions (icebergs, drifting ice fields, storms) and other climatic characteristics that increase the risk of drilling from offshore platforms. For performing hydrological and geophysical studies (studies of temperatures in layers, salinity, density, gas hydrates, and other characteristics of water in marine basins) it is possible to use «point» drilling and submarine fleet to study bottom sediments and geological section in promising areas.
A large gashelium geochemical province has been discovered in the south of the Siberian Platform. 36 fields containing commercially viable concentration of helium are found in Precambrian strata. Heliumsaving technologies of processing natural gas are impossible without solving a problem of storing extracted helium concentrate. It is advisable to build underground gas storage facilities in the Cambrian rock salt deposits. The main helium reserves are concentrated in natural gases of the Siberian Platform of the Russian Federation and in gases of the U.S. Mid-continent and the Rocky Mountains. Helium is transported to suppliers both in the gaseous and liquid state. Construction of the gas pipeline «Power of Siberia», which will run along the oil pipeline «Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean» in a single corridor, has begun. It is expedient to connect helium gas fields to a network of local gas pipelines and on their basis to create gas processing centers (Talakan-Chayanda, Kovykta, Yurubcheno-Tokhomo, Sobin-Paygin, etc.).
The high estimate and integrated development of mineral and energy potential of the subsoil of the Siberian platform will provide development of new areas of exploration and expansion of resource base in the east of Russia, and provide conditions for the county’s entrance to the Asia-Pacific market.
Hydrocarbon systems are discrete systems, expressed in terms of different scale elements of the earth's crust (blocks!), in which hydrocarbon-bearing minerals are regularly located. Hydrocarbon systems are divided into primary and secondary. High dynamics of the Siberian platform in all stages of its development determined the forms and migration paths of naphthides and specific structural forms of sedimentary cover, containing hydrocarbon deposits.
Domanikoid and sudomanikoid horizons of the Late Proterozoic, Early and Middle Paleozoic of Siberian platform are classified as the oil-and-gas-generating series. Kuonamskaya bituminous carbonate-shale formation is described from the points of its structure, peculiarities of its origin and the metal-bearing potential. This analysis allow to indicate areas for geological prospecting with appraisal of expected resources.
Comparative analysis was carried out for oil-and-gas-bearing basins of young and oldland platforms of the Pacific segment. Previously the same kind of analysis had been realized for the Atlantic segment of lithosphere. Obtained results confirm the unique geological structure and oil-and-gas capacity of Siberian platform, by these features it differs from all other cratons in the whole world.
