Climatic zonality of artesian waters (using the USSR as an example)

Abstract

The zonality of groundwater and its dependence on climatic factors are covered in the works of many soil scientists and hydrogeologists - V. V. Dokuchaev, P. V. Ototsky, V. S. Ilyin, B. L. Lichkov, O. K. Lange [9]; G. A. Maksimovich [13], I. V. Garmonov [4], G. N. Kamensky [7] and others. The issue of zonality of artesian waters is considered by most authors [5, 6, 11, 14, 18] in connection with the processes of dynamics and water exchange, and the role of climatic factors is usually passed over in silence. Only in the work of A. M. Ovchinnikov [16] is it clearly stated about the deep connection of the hydrothermal regime of the earth's crust with the distribution of temperatures on its surface and the importance of this factor for the life of groundwater, in particular, for their composition. However, even in this work the role of climatic factors as factors of zonality artesian waters, artesian waters are not considered are confined to artesian basins, representing historically developing hydrogeological structures. Among artesian basins, one can distinguish open-type artesian basins confined to platforms, "artesian seas" and closed-type artesian basins located inside hydrogeological folded areas (for example, Ferghana), - "artesian lakes".