Physical and mechanical properties of late-glacial ribbon clays in the vicinity of Leningrad
Abstract
Distribution, stratigraphy and conditions of occurrence. On the territory of Leningrad, in its vicinity, along the valley of the Neva River, late-glacial varved clays are widespread. They were formed in a proglacial lake basin, which developed as the glacier retreated. Remains of freshwater fish have been found in these sediments, according to which S. A. Yakovlev attributed them to Fish Lake deposits. The varved clays are laid down in an almost continuous thickness of 2–15 m on the uneven surface of moraine (second moraine) or transitional from moraine to lake‑glacial sediments. In some places they are completely eroded. In one or two places on the territory of Leningrad, in many areas in its vicinity and along the Neva River valley, the varved clays come directly to the surface. On the rest of the territory they lie at different depths under postglacial sediments – Littorina, ancient Baltic or modern alluvial and lake‑bog deposits ...
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