The article presents the features of transformation and migration of petroleum products in the underground environment, which are determined by the physical and physicochemical properties of petroleum hydrocarbons (density, viscosity, solubility in water, etc.) and their enclosing soils (sorption capacity, humidity, etc.). The main processes of degradation of oil products in the soil stratum are considered. The influence of oil products on the change in oxidation-reduction and acid-alkaline conditions of the underground space, development of activity of various forms of microorganisms is shown. The change in the composition and properties of dispersive soils of various degrees of water saturation is experimentally studied. The analysis of the causes of the reservoir destruction used for storage of fuel oil is given. It was established that the development of microbial activity at its base led to the transition of sands to quicksands, and moraine loams to quasi-plastic varieties. Intensive gas formation of methane and its homologues, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen in sands was recorded. Based on the analysis of the results of long-term monitoring of the effect of contamination of dispersive soils by oil products, their bearing capacity in the base of the structures has been reduced to 50% of the initial value. The role of microbial activity in the formation of an aggressive environment in relation to building materials is shown.
The paper deals with the main petroleum hydrocarbon sources in the earth cover. Oil products influence on intensification of different microbial forms activity as well as on bio-chemical transformation of the pollutants themselves is shown. Changes in state and properties of soils due to microbial degradation of oil products are experimentally studied. The analysis of reservoir destruction through the example of black oil fuel storage is carried out. Results of determining different groups of microorganisms in soils and groundwater in the fuel oil storage tank area cross-section are given. The role of microbial activity in bearing capacity change of sandy-argillaceous soils with specific reference is presented.
