The existing ideas about the nature and mechanism of losses of nickel and cobalt with converter slags allow us to consider that for effective depletion of slag should be created conditions that provide intensive recovery of slag components, effective coalescence of fine inclusions, the possibility of transition of recovered and separated from the slag particles containing non-ferrous metals in the phase-collector ...

In modern pyrometallurgy of non-ferrous metals one of the most important places belongs to the converter process, which, along with ore smelting, is the main node of the pyrometallurgical scheme of nickel and copper production. At the USSR plants, converting is used to process copper, copper-nickel, nickel, polymetallic and cobalt matte, as well as ferronickel.

The essence of metallurgical furnace operation. Modern metallurgical furnaces are most properly regarded as complex physicochemical units, in which a whole complex of processes diverse in nature occur. If we combine these processes into their most characteristic varieties, we can distinguish the following: technological, heat exchange, energy, movement of gases, movement of materials and products. All of them proceed in the working space in close mutual connection and interdependence and often coincide in their purpose and nature. For example, the technological process of oxidation of sulfides is simultaneously an energetic process, providing the heat release necessary for the furnace operation. The movement of molten slag in ore-thermal electric furnaces is simultaneously a process of convective heat exchange in the bath. The main process among these, of course, is technological, so the basic parameters of metallurgical furnaces and the development of all processes in them should provide optimal flow conditions for the technological process with the best qualitative and quantitative indicators.