Hygienic standards of dust . air in industrial premises and underground workings, approved by the USSR Gossaninspektsiya, are differentiated by type and composition of dust (SN 245-63). They do not take into account a number of factors that affect the amount of dust penetrating into the human body: different heights of mines and mines, climatic conditions, the degree of severity of the work performed, the duration of human stay in a dusty environment ...
As a rule, mines in the Far North, which develop coal seams in permafrost conditions, are characterized by seasonal fluctuations in the dust content of the mine atmosphere. In January - February, the content of dust in the air during excavation, loading and transportation of coal reaches the maximum value - hundreds and thousands of milligrams per 1 m3, and in summer it approaches the sanitary norm ...
Seasonal fluctuations of air dustiness in mines in the permafrost region are known to be associated with the processes of evaporation and condensation of moisture, which take place in mine workings in cold and warm periods of the year, respectively. The former increase and the latter reduce dust generation during excavation, loading and transportation of coal ...
Применяемые на шахтах и рудниках воздухопроводы для проветривания подготовительных выработок в основном воздухопроницаемы, особенно в местах соединений труб. Достигнуть воздухонепроницаемости их не удается даже при совершенных видах соединений (резиновых манжетах, кольцах, бандажных соединениях и пр.).
Большинство обследованных нами шахт северо-восточной части страны (Норильска, Якутской АССР и других районов) разрабатывает при штольневом способе вскрытия нагорные угольные месторождения, залегающие в зоне вечной мерзлоты.Шахты, как правило, в холодное время года работают без предварительного подогрева воздуха. Поэтому в районе выемочных участков, исключая отдельные случаи, температура рудничной атмосферы остается круглый год отрицательной (минус 2 — минус 4° С) ...
Calculation of mine air ducts by analytical and graphoanalytical methods is mainly reduced to the determination of two values: 1) air leakage or delivery coefficient μ; 2) head h, which is necessary to create, so that to the end of the stack of pipes a given amount of air Qzab. Many formulas for calculation of these values have been proposed. A. I. Shvyrkov on the basis of theoretical studies of air movement in air-permeable pipelines established a functional dependence between the values of.
The possibility of using the wet method of dust suppression at the mines of the Norilsk Combine during excavation, loading and transportation of coal was established by thermometric measurements of air and host rocks along the course of the ventilation jet. The research was carried out by the staff of the Department of Mine Ventilation of the Leningrad Mining Institute in 1959-1960.
Internal air leakage of partial ventilation fan at individual work. Partial ventilation of dead-end mine workings during sinking is carried out by partial ventilation fans and ventilation pipes. Mine pipelines are mostly leaky and leak a significant amount of air at the joints. The amount of air entering the face through the pipeline Qmine; can be so small that the ventilation will be ineffective even at fan capacity Qv, exceeding several times Qmine. With the increase in the length of excavations, the control of air leakage along the length of the pipeline is of paramount importance.
