The principal and constructive features of vibroinertial crushers are considered, the fields of their application, new approaches to their calculation and design are indicated. The considered equipment is intended both for selective opening of rocks and for disintegration of any hard, brittle materials. Selective opening of crystallites with minimum overgrinding is achieved by applying to the bulk layer of material of strictly dosed compressive forces of inertial nature and impulse vibration shear loads, causing a gradual softening of interfacial bonds. The main compressive and shear forces in these machines are created by centrifugal forces of inertia, and the material, being destroyed in the layer, is subjected to intensive vibration action.
For the geological study of the sea shelf, it is necessary to create new effective technical means. Technical parameters of drilling rigs for work in difficult hydrogeological conditions should allow to work at sea depths of 200 m and below, and also provide sinking of boreholes with depth up to 30 m in formations of IV-IX categories of drillability. According to foreign and domestic literature four basic types of rigs, capable to meet the mentioned requirements are determined: - drilling rigs of "terrestrial" type, mounted on specialized vessels with anchor stabilization system over drilling site; - specialized drilling vessels with dynamic stabilization system and vertical displacement compensation; - hose-cable vessels; - underwater, remotely controlled drilling rigs, which tendency is clearly seen at present time. The hydraulic drive of an underwater drill rig for drilling exploration wells is considered, and the equipment is selected taking into account its dynamic characteristics. The state of theory and practice in the field of underwater prospecting and exploration is considered. The operating parameters during drilling and the required hydraulic motor power are determined. The analysis of drilling rig operation is made. The mathematical description of the dynamics of the rig is made. Block diagram, differential equations and graphs of dynamics are made, and also their analysis is given.
