It is analyzed output, costs and other results of mining activity two large diamond mining enterprises: russian «Severalmaz» and foreign «De Beers – Venetia Mine». It is considered that «Severalmaz» has a huge potential for development. The possible technical, technological and organizational solutions are necessary as they permit to increase the effectiveness of the mineral mining «Severalmaz». The experience of the company «De Beers – Venetia Mine» can be used.