Vol 170 No 2
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Date submitted2006-08-04
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Date accepted2006-10-28
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Date published2007-02-01
Sedimentary features of Tylawa limestones (lower oligocene) in the polish flysch carpathians
- Authors:
- Agnieszka Ciurej
The paper presents preliminary observations on the development and depositional features of the Tylav Limestone, which is the oldest coccolithic limestone horizon in the Oligocene of the Carpathians. The Tylavian limestones occur as thin intercalations in menilithic rocks. A characteristic feature of these limestones is a special type of lamination. The thin laminae are arranged as separate successions. These sequences are suitable for long-range comparison of the laminated limestones of Tylawa in different tectonic subdivisions of the Carpathians. Features such as erosional discontinuities, plastically deformed plates, dissolution structures, and sediments between plates, such as thin interbeds of silt, clay, or unlaminated limestone, may hinder detailed correlation of the laminae sequences. Observations on the distribution and development of the Tylavian limestones seem to confirm the presence of an Early Oligocene event in the Carpathian Basin, which contributed to the deposition of Tylavian limestones over a wide area.
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Date submitted2006-08-27
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Date accepted2006-10-19
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Date published2007-02-01
Synthesis and characterization OF Ca, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd chlorapatites and Pb-Cd chlorapatites solid solutions
- Authors:
- Jakub Matusik
The only minerals among divalent metal chlorapatites are: chloroapatite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl and pyromorphite Pb 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl. To date, no occurrence of zinc, copper and cadmium chloroapatites have been noticed in hypergenic environments. Literature provides only scattered data on hydrothermally synthesized Zn and Cd chlorapatites. There is also no data on solid solutions of Pb and Cd in chlorapatites. The aim of this research was the aqueous synthesis of calcium, lead, zinc, copper and cadmium chlorapatites. Additionally, solid solutions of Pb-and Cd-apatites (Pb 5-x Cd x ) (PO 4 ) 3 Cl (x from 0 to 5) were prepared. The syntheses were prepared in aqueous solutions under normal conditions by mixing metal nitrates Me(NO 3 ) 2 (Me=Ca, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd), potassium phosphate KH 2 PO 4 and sodium chloride NaCl in proportions corresponding to the stoichiometry of the expected product. The precipitates were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with an EDS microanalyser. Partial substitution of Pb 2+ ions by Cd 2+ in the pyromorphite structure was observed only in the Pb 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl - (Pb 4 Cd 1 )(PO 4 ) 3 Cl series. However, instead of the expected Zn, Cu and Cd chlorapatites, precipitation of hopeite Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ∙4H 2 O, libethenite Cu 2 (PO 4 )OH and cadmium phosphate Cd 5 H 2 (PO 4 ) 4 x 4H 2 O were observed.
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Date submitted2006-08-30
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Date accepted2006-10-07
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Date published2007-02-01
Application of magnetic method in the geological research of facial differentiation of the Upper Jurassic limestones in Krakow-Wielun Upland, Southern Poland
- Authors:
- Joanna Jędrys
According to magnetic survey data, there are strong linear and several three-dimensional anomalies in the Krakowsko-Wieluńska Upland. The upland is composed predominantly of Upper Jurassic massive and bedded limestones. All anomalies are caused by large intrusions in the Paleozoic basement of the upland. They are confined to a significant fault zone separating terrane-like crustal blocks. During the Late Jurassic, the presence of intrusions in bedrock led to the formation of uplands on the seafloor. Such uplands were the most important factors stimulating the growth of carbonate reef-like formations. In the landscape of the Krakovsko-Wieluńska uplands, these uplands form characteristic monadic knocks. Interpretation of the magnetic survey conducted in this area allows us to understand the genesis and morphology of the uplands.
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Date submitted2006-08-07
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Date accepted2006-10-11
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Date published2007-02-01
Aquifer diffusivity determination from aquifer responses to the river stage fluctuations in a Mangyeong-river floodplain
The convolution equation for the flood wave response model was used to estimate aquifer diffusivities using the groundwater levels in a selected well in the Mangyeong River floodplain. of no precipitation were used as inputs to the flood wave, which had a high correlation with river levels near the river, and uncertain leakage to the river channel and possible recharge from precipitation can be neglected. Pumping tests can determine local aquifer properties, but the flood wave response technique is a good tool in a sense that the overall aquifer diffusivity related with hydraulic interaction of a river-aquifer system can be estimated. The flood wave resurvey methodology proposed in this study can be effective if the peaks of the flood wave response are well defined and the observed groundwater heads are strongly correlated with river water level fluctuations.
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Date submitted2006-08-07
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Date accepted2006-10-30
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Date published2007-02-01
Crystal chemistry of synthetic pyromorphite-mimetite solid solutions
- Authors:
- Marta Strycharczyk
Pyromorphite Pb 5 [PO 4 ] 3 Cl, mimetite Pb 5 [AsO 4 ] 3 Cl, and their solid solutions were synthesized from aqueous solutions. These minerals form a ternary system within apatite group of Pb 3 /m symmetry (hexagonal bipyramid). Natural pyromorphite usually contains several percent of As. Also, natural mimetite often contains PO 4 substitutions. The objective of this study was determination of regularities in crystalline lattice parameters changes with anionic substitution of AsO 4 -3 and PO 4 -3 . The products were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with micro-analysis. The synthesis yielded a fine white precipitate. X-ray diffraction indicated crystalline character of the precipitate. The lattice parameters for end-members are in accordance with ICDD standards and equal for pyromorphite a=10,009 Å and c=7.338 Å and for mimetite a=10,247Å and c=7,448 Å. Both lattice parameters increase proportionally to the increase of As substitution in pyromorphite in conformation with Vegard’s law.
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Date submitted2006-08-15
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Date accepted2006-10-30
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Date published2007-02-01
X-ray diffractional studies for crystal – chemical characterization and quantification of smectites
- Authors:
- Tim Bause
To assess the quality of bentonites and their suitability for industrial applications, an accurate determination of the smectite content is required. Up to now, it was not possible to use the standard Rietveld method for quantitative phase analysis of smectite-containing samples because of the turbo-stratum disorder of many natural occurring smectites. In this article, a model is proposed to describe the powder X-ray diffraction patterns of montmorillonite samples measured under room conditions.
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Date submitted2006-08-22
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Date accepted2006-10-28
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Date published2007-02-01
Application of geophysical methods in the search for ore gold in the Poperechno-Zerentuevskaya area
- Authors:
- E. A. Gurulev
The paper presents the results of geophysical research aimed at the detection of placer gold in one of the regions of Transbaikalia. The features of the measured physical fields and their correlation with geological structures of the investigated territories are shown. The physical and geological model of the identified ore field-station was developed. The possibility of exploitation of the investigated territory for placer gold was proved.
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Date submitted2006-08-03
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Date accepted2006-10-19
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Date published2007-02-01
Geological and geochemical model of gold mineralization on Iochiminskaya area (Yenisei Ridge)
- Authors:
- G. B. Maslov
Most of the gold deposits of the Yenisei Ridge are concentrated in the Central Yenisei gold-bearing belt. The gold manifestation was first identified east of the Ishimbinsky fault. Geochemical studies in this area revealed powerful gold and arsenic anomalies. These anomalies are due to the contact of heterogeneous surrounding media and are located within the tectonic zones of folding and mineralization. This occurrence is similar to gold-quartz type models in most parameters, but is characterized by a low degree of metamorphism. A large gold ore formation with a potential resource of 81 tons is expected to be discovered in this area.
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Date submitted2006-08-08
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Date accepted2006-10-13
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Date published2007-02-01
Geochemistry of mineral waters of Tersinskoye deposit of Kemerovo region
- Authors:
- O. G. Tokarenko
Using the data of long-term studies of the chemical composition of groundwater of the Tersinskoye field and the results of field observations, the prevalence of chemical elements was studied, the processes of formation of natural water composition were determined, the degree of equilibrium of water with minerals of the host rocks was investigated and the formation of alkaline carbonate-calcium geochemical type of water was substantiated. Acidulous waters are valuable hydro-mineral resources that have a therapeutic effect on the human body. Research on the peculiarities of chemical composition of the acidulous water deposit known as the Tersin deposit, which is unique for the Kuzbass Region, has been carried out for over fifty years, of formation of water composition and ways of entering and enriching the water with carbon dioxide remain unstudied. Previous research mainly focused on hydro-geological aspects of study of the water, and until now no unified complex vision of the Tersin mineral water formation has been offered. On the basis of long-term studies of the chemical composition of Tersin groundwater and the results of field observations, the prevalence of chemical elements was studied, the processes of formation of natural water composition were determined, the degree of balance of water with minerals of surrounding rocks was investigated and the formation of alkaline-carbonic acid geochemical type of water was substantiated.
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Date submitted2006-08-30
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Date accepted2006-10-06
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Date published2007-02-01
Economic impact analysis of national natural gas storage
- Authors:
- Eun-Young Ahn
Natural gas storage is important for governments managing energy risks at the national level. The analytical solution proposed in this paper is based on the DIS-Risk mathematical model developed by P.N. Leiby & D. Jones (1993) to estimate strategic petroleum product reserves. Annual gas supply disruptions are modeled through beta probability distribution, affect the cost of imported natural gas, demand and supply. Gas supply disruptions lead to a decrease in gross domestic product and an increase in the cost of imported natural gas. As a result of Monte Carlo modeling for natural gas supply disruptions, the capacity of national natural gas storage facilities is estimated at 1.3-2.25 MMBtu. The economic effect of preventing such losses ranges from 10.9 to 17.7 billion USD, with total costs ranging from 3.4 to 5.6 billion USD. The total cost from 2006 to 2035 will be between 3.4 and 5.6 billion US dollars.
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Date submitted2006-08-06
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Date accepted2006-10-21
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Date published2007-02-01
Experimental research concerning the influence of external diameter on the behavior of coiled tubing to cyclic bending with internal pressure
- Authors:
- Vlad Ulmanu
- Dragos Zisopol
- Ciprian Trifan
This paper presents results of experimental research concerning the influence of the external diameter on the fatigue behavior of coiled tubing manufactured from X70 steel, loaded by cyclic bending with internal pressure.
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Date submitted2006-08-30
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Date accepted2006-10-26
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Date published2007-02-01
Reservoir simulation study of PWF (patern water flood) in m Field In Indonesia
- Authors:
- Yuliarini Luh Mirah
Reservoir modeling is considered the most important predictive tool available to the reservoir engineer because it considers much more geologic and reservoir data than any other predictive method. Consequently, reservoir simulation has higher data requirements than other methods. The basic elements of any reservoir simulation study are defining study objectives, collecting and analyzing data, building a reservoir simulation model, historical reconciliation of the simulation model, performing predictive examples, and preparing a report. Based on the results of simulation study, data analysis and interpretation in the MF field in Indonesia, it was found that under certain assumption, the historical fit is quite close to the real conditions. A vertical production well with a water injector yields higher oil production, slower pressure drop and about the same oil recovery factor. A horizontal production well gives higher oil recovery and higher efficiency compared to a vertical production well, as well as to the feasibility study.
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Date submitted2006-08-13
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Date accepted2006-10-07
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Date published2007-02-01
Investigation of energy cost reduction opportunities in oil production drilling rigs and systems
- Authors:
- Bunesku Dumitru Grigore
- Kalote Nikolaie
This paper presents the results of research into the possibilities of reducing energy consumption on rigs designed for drilling wells and on pumping equipment for pumping petroleum products. It considers such problems as synchronization of oil field DIESEL engines on the drilling rig, which gives an opportunity to reduce fuel consumption and keep it operational as long as possible. In addition, it is shown how large amounts of energy can be extracted during drilling operations when running a pipe tool down a well and how this energy can be utilized. In the second part of the paper, the problem of real-time balancing and rebalancing of pumping units is discussed, as well as the possibility of using action with a triangular star (Δ-Y) asynchronous motor.
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Date submitted2006-08-02
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Date accepted2006-10-14
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Date published2007-02-01
Possibilities of application of rigs using kellystang technologies for drilling pits and large diameter wells for geological exploration
- Authors:
- V. L. Grabchak
The article considers the possibilities of using drilling rigs based on the Kelly system for the purposes of sinking exploratory pits and large diameter boreholes. The comparison with classical rigs for construction of open pits is made.
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Date submitted2006-08-04
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Date accepted2006-10-22
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Date published2007-02-01
Features of operation of electric centrifugal pump units when forcing liquid withdrawal from wells of Samotlor oil field
- Authors:
- A. V. Kolonskikh
The most promising method of oil production in the mode of forced fluid withdrawal is the use of electric centrifugal well pumps. Transfer of a well into the mode of forced fluid withdrawal leads to deterioration of downhole equipment operating conditions. At the same time the parameter of failure interval decreases. The main factors reducing the productivity of electric centrifugal well pumps are revealed and the ways of their compensation for the conditions of Samotlor oil field are offered.
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Date submitted2006-08-10
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Date accepted2006-10-06
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Date published2007-02-01
Hydrodynamic modeling of joint operation of well and reservoir under conditions of geological and technical intervention (TI)
- Authors:
- N. S. Lenchenkov
Optimization of production wells operation is an important problem in field development. Currently there are various methods of solving this problem. Of practical importance are studies of the reservoir-well system as a complex hydrodynamic system. It is known that change of formation characteristics (for example, productivity index, relative permeability) leads to change of well characteristics. In this connection it seems reasonable to carry out geological and technical treatment (acid microemulsion) of bottom-hole formation zone as a way to optimize well performance. In the work, models of joint behavior of the reservoir-well system are investigated in order to optimize the operation of producing wells. The models were tested at the Sergeevskoye field of the UGPD Ufaneft, well No. 49.
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Date submitted2006-08-08
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Date accepted2006-10-24
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Date published2007-02-01
Integrated application of horizontal slice maps and optical method to improve the control of development of Tyugeevskoye high-viscosity oil field
- Authors:
- A. V. Maksyutin
The article discusses detailed correlation of electrical and radioactive well logging data, mapping of horizontal sections (shears) and studies of optical properties of oil samples. These data were used to design a system of horizontal wells for the development of the Bobrikov and Kizelov deposits.
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Date submitted2006-08-11
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Date accepted2006-10-12
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Date published2007-02-01
New Design and functional solutions of equipment for well drilling and oil production
- Authors:
- Storozh Ion Andrei
- Kalote Nikolaie
The article presents the functional evolution of drilling and pumping rigs, driven by the need to improve the sales efficiency of a company operating in a competitive environment. Therefore, the constant optimal processing has been analyzed on the oil rig, as well as problems such as performance and the introduction of new design solutions for hydraulic drive, steam and bursting systems, mud pumps. The temporal evolution of technical solutions for the oil production unit is presented, indicating its advantages and disadvantages.
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Date submitted2006-08-30
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Date accepted2006-10-18
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Date published2007-02-01
Technical and technological support of well wiring according to the set profile at Shershnevskaya area
- Authors:
- S. E. Chernyshov
The article deals with the issues related to the peculiarities of controlled directional well drilling technology at the Verkhnekamsk potash salt deposit (VKPS), which includes the Shershnevskoye oil field. The problem of drilling controlled directional oil wells in the territory of the Verkhnekamsk potassium salt deposit is urgent, because under the potassium salt layer there are oil basins with forecast recoverable oil reserves of 70 million tons. However, exploitation of these oil basins is difficult due to the thickness of potassium salt beds, so drilling of wells has certain features and limitations. The design of controlled directional well No. 101 at the Shershnevskoye field was calculated and a nine-interval well profile was constructed, taking into account the limitations and peculiarities of well drilling at this field. Drill string layout for drilling different intervals was selected.
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Date submitted2006-08-25
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Date accepted2006-10-22
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Date published2007-02-01
Study of properties of granulated composite sorbents from peat-mineral mixtures
- Authors:
- A. E. Timofeev
Currently, one of the main tasks of the peat industry is the development of new types of products from biogenic raw materials. Creation and practical use of peat sorbents is complicated by irreversible phenomena in their structure during the production of hydrophilic materials. For activation of sorption centers various kinds of additives (synthetic surfactants, natural materials) are introduced. It is revealed that the introduction of clay materials contributes to the increase of absorption properties of peat products. Their use increases both absorption rate and absorption capacity. Increasing the drying temperature has a negative effect on the sorption properties of peat-mineral granules.
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Date submitted2006-08-05
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Date accepted2006-10-25
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Date published2007-02-01
A new method of investigation of blasting effects on buildings and structures using fiberglass cables
- Authors:
- K. Drebenstedt
- S. Pessler
The article describes the experience of application of an innovative methodology for studying the impact of blasting on the deformation of buildings and other structures using fiber-optic measuring systems. With the help of such systems it is possible to measure the deformation of structures both on short-term (1/300 s) and long-term (several months) time intervals.
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Date submitted2006-08-11
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Date accepted2006-10-30
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Date published2007-02-01
The research of vertical displacements of the rock mass inside and in environment of the Kletno Bear Cave
- Authors:
- Joanna Andrzejewska
The Kletno Bear Cave is the most beautiful cave in Poland. Students of the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography at the Wrocław Agricultural University have been conducting a level survey of the cave for more than twenty years during training sessions of the Scientific Circle of Surveyors. The survey is used for the scientific study of the Sudetes, as well as for assessing the safety of tourist routes in the Cave. Measurements are made with precise leveling equipment and the readings are further refined by laboratory tests. The area of the Cave is characterized by a complex geological structure. Two tectonic faults are located in the immediate vicinity of the Cave vicinity. The results of the studies indicate the instability of geological and tectonic structures in the analyzed area.
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Date submitted2006-08-11
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Date accepted2006-10-15
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Date published2007-02-01
Special conditions of transportation routes construction in undermined areas in Czech Republic
- Authors:
- Jaroslav Broul
- Jiří Husárik
Some changes of geological and geotechnical nature, mainly hydrogeological, may occur in the mined areas, which by their consequences may cause temporary or permanent disturbances to transportation routes and related structures, such as subsidence (continuous or intermittent), shear, tilting, etc. Such changes and deformations are caused by mining operations (all interventions in the earth's crust to reach mineral deposits) as well as by mining techniques (all interventions in the earth's crust for technical purposes - underground spaces of old urban development, collectors, etc.). Mining gases also appear in hard coal mining areas. The main component of mine gas is "methane". Its occurrence is noted in the area of old mine workings, which are not ventilated, where as a result of leaks mine gases penetrate to the surface.
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Date submitted2006-08-19
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Date accepted2006-10-14
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Date published2007-02-01
New technologies and materials for isolation of unconsolidated contour zone in salt rock disposal of toxic wastes
- Authors:
- O. Kaledin
- M. Gryuner
One of the safe and effective ways of isolation of toxic wastes at their underground disposal is their burial in specially designed structures in deep-seated non-porous geological formations, in particular in sodium chloride massifs. This article describes innovative technologies and new materials used for isolation of the decompacted boundary zone of underground toxic waste disposal sites constructed in saline rocks.
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Date submitted2006-08-03
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Date accepted2006-10-24
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Date published2007-02-01
Mining subsidence – polish formal and legal solutions
- Authors:
- Dominika Kluska
Rock subsidence, caused by mining operations and changes in the original use of a site, is responsible for many negative effects on the earth's surface. Mining operations have a negative impact on the surface of the land underneath and the surrounding areas. It also causes disturbance to the water supply system. Buildings belonging to various entities not directly related to mining are subjected to subsidence. Dealing with the damage caused by rock subsidence is both an economic and social problem. In general, it can be said that companies involved in mining are obliged to compensate parties whose property is damaged as a result of coal mining operations. This article deals with the resolution of the problem of mining damage to a residential house located in the mining area of Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa S.A. This issue is considered from the perspective of both the property owner and the company. This report presents the procedures of subsidence mining restoration, legal regulations and necessary documentation.
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Date submitted2006-08-15
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Date accepted2006-10-16
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Date published2007-02-01
Application of fractal dimension theory for the estimation of spatial variability of soil parameters
- Authors:
- Michał Misciorak
- Grzegorz Janik
This work aims to estimate stability of variograms used for estimation of spatial variability of moisture. The analysis is based on soil moisture measurement taken at the depth of 10 cmbelow the ground level. The research took place in Sucha Rzeczka town at warmińsko-mazurskie voivodeship, on the greenland. The research allowed to construct moisture variograms for N max = 40 and to estimate fractal dimension. According to the measurements and analysis it has been ascertained that the stability of variograms is satisfying when they are constructed for at least 20 compared pairs of measurement points. The high value of fractal dimension D = 1,8 proves that the randomness of moisture in the examined area is high. Fractal dimension value stabilizes when it is estimated on the basis of variograms constructed for at least 30 compared points.
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Date submitted2006-08-07
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Date accepted2006-10-07
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Date published2007-02-01
Geomechanical justification of tunnel parameters in construction of subway in Perm
- Authors:
- V. V. Musikhin
The project of underground electric transportation scheme for Perm city is considered. Geomechanical calculations of the proposed scheme have been performed to determine the stress-strain state around the unsupported circular opening in elastic approximation using geoinformation technologies. The calculation of the lining is performed using the method developed by B.A. Kartozia and V.N. Borisov. In conclusion, the methodology of obstruction and calculated geometric parameters of the mine support are given.
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Date submitted2006-08-20
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Date accepted2006-10-19
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Date published2007-02-01
Run in hole and cementing of reinforced concrete columns in large diameter holes
- Authors:
- Gabriela Stan
This paper presents an element of novelty in large diameter hole drilling in the form of the use of a reinforced concrete string. The method of construction, method of connection, methods of sinking and cementing the holes, and the many advantages of their use are presented.
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Date submitted2006-08-19
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Date accepted2006-10-12
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Date published2007-02-01
Bathymetric measurements for the installation of the tsunami early warning system in the Indian Ocean
- Authors:
- Christoph Warmbrunn
- Andreas Thoss
This article describes the concept of a Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS) being developed in cooperation with Indonesia and the bathymetric measurements for the installation of the system in the Indian Ocean.
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Date submitted2006-08-03
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Date accepted2006-10-02
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Date published2007-02-01
Development of the stand for research of microprocessor devices of relay protection and automatics
- Authors:
- M. A. Bychin
The work is dedicated to the creation of a specialized test bench for the study of microprocessor-based (MB) relay protection and automation (RPA) devices. The information about the electrical circuit diagram and its functional capabilities is given. Research and study of the operation of relay protection and automation devices is supposed to be carried out in two stages. The first stage is carried out on a personal computer using specialized software. The second stage - studies using a specialized test bench containing a physical model of the electrical network and a specific MB RPA device. The test bench allows to simulate various conditions - from normal load to emergency modes. It is possible to test protections against interphase blocking, asymmetrical load modes, ground fault protections, and emergency control schemes. This method allows to clarify theoretical knowledge and develop primary skills of working with such devices.
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Date submitted2006-08-17
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Date accepted2006-10-05
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Date published2007-02-01
Problem of calculation of head losses by Leibenzon formula in mixed friction zone of turbulent mode
- Authors:
- N. V. Morozova
- A. A. Korshak
A comparative analysis of the experimental values of the hydraulic resistance coefficient λ in the mixed friction turbulent mode zone (ZMF) with the values calculated by the most common calculation dependencies has been carried out. It is found that if the co-equivalent roughness is determined on the basis of the solution of the inverse problem, then any of these formulas can be used to calculate λ in the ZMF with an error acceptable for engineering calculations. To reduce the error of friction head hτ calculation using Leibenzon's formula, the approximation of Altshul's formula was performed, as a result of which new coefficients β and m for ZMF were calculated and the boundary Reynolds numbers for this zone were specified.
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Date submitted2006-08-15
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Date accepted2006-10-19
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Date published2007-02-01
Development of the displacement sensor on the basis of integral accelerometer for the dynamometer-dynamometer systems for deep well rod pumps
- Authors:
- A. F. Sakaev
Load indicator reading systems are commonly used to diagnose the condition of a downhole pump. Such systems consist of two sensor units: a force sensor and a displacement sensor. Currently, motion sensors based on integrated accelerometers are widely used. The use of accelerometers allows to create reliable, inexpensive, simple and convenient displacers. However, such sensors have a significant disadvantage, which is a large error due to the following reasons: a large integration error occurs in double integration; measured acceleration signals have a significant level of noise; currently produced integrated accelerometers have a large intrinsic error. In this paper, various methods are developed and investigated to solve these problems.
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Date submitted2006-08-24
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Date accepted2006-10-18
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Date published2007-02-01
Computer model of automated drive of loading machine 2PNB-2 in MATLAB
- Authors:
- Yu. A. Semenchuk
The results of modeling of 2PNB-2 loading actuator using MATLAB program are presented. The structural diagram of the model and the results of modeling of unloading operation are given.
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Date submitted2006-08-16
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Date accepted2006-10-03
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Date published2007-02-01
Current problems in reactive distillation process control
- Authors:
- Ioana Georgescu
- Gabriel Rădulescu
The reactive distillation unit is one of the most important and "delicate" functional components of a complex chemical plant. While modeling and simulation of steady-state operation has become standard today using a number of well-known specialized software tools, very little is known about dynamic modeling in the open literature. Due to the complexity of the process, references on this topic mention the many difficulties in building a dynamic model that could be suitable for nu- merical integration. Dynamic modeling is useful to understand the behavior of such a complex plant. However, the most important challenge in using an appropriate modeling tool is the design and tuning of the control system for such a reactive distillation process.
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Date submitted2006-08-08
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Date accepted2006-10-20
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Date published2007-02-01
Real time processing of data from intelligent laboratory equipment
- Authors:
- Constantin Stoica
This paper presents the stages of realization of a system for processing data coming from intelligent laboratory equipment in real time. This system is hierarchically organized in three levels and can be integrated into a global monitoring system. At the first level there are intelligent analyzers with processing units, at the second level there are local databases, at the third level there is a monitoring server. Software applications of the information system allow to automatically receive, save and accumulate data from intelligent equipment in the global database. At the same time there is a possibility of evaluation of this database by different users or groups of users. We are dealing with an open system that has no restrictions on the number of connected laboratory equipment or on the number of users.
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Date submitted2006-08-21
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Date accepted2006-10-30
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Date published2007-02-01
Aluminum recycling: assessment, trends, forecasts
- Authors:
- S. G. Galevskii
The analysis of the dynamics of primary aluminum prices over the last two decades was carried out, which was used as a basis for the medium-term forecast of primary aluminum prices. It has been proved that under conditions of significant fluctuations in primary aluminum prices, the prevailing trend in the development of aluminum corporations is the implementation of a binary vertically integrated approach combining smelting and processing of aluminum in parallel production units.
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Date submitted2006-08-20
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Date accepted2006-10-28
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Date published2007-02-01
Study of the effect of mixture of different xanthogenates on flotation and selective flocculation of chalcopyrite and sphalerite
- Authors:
- E. V. Kolodezhnaya
Copper-zinc ores are characterized by rather fine (emulsion) dissemination of ore minerals and heterophase aggregation of grains and therefore require fine grinding of class - 40 microns for mineral separation. Material of this size can be treated by flotation method. The application of this method can be extended by using selective flocculation of sieve particles on a drop of oil. Analysis of practical application of various reagent modes of selective flocculation of sulfide minerals shows that a significant factor is the type of the main collector. In this work the influence of xanthogenates of chalcopyrite and sphalerite with the number of carbon atoms from 2 to 6 with normal and isometric structure on flocculation and flotation processes is considered. It is shown that the stability of flocculation depends on the interaction forces of the polar part of the molecule with the mineral surface and the nonpolar part with the oil drop. The interaction energy of the non-polar part of xanthogenate with tridecane is calculated and the results of flotation with different xanthogenates and their mixtures are presented. It is concluded that the mixture of xanthogenates C4 and C3 is more effective.
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Date submitted2006-08-07
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Date accepted2006-10-22
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Date published2007-02-01
Three-product heavy-medium separator
- Authors:
- V. E. Tolkachev
The article describes the design and principles of operation of a three-product dense-intermediate separator for mineral processing. The novelty of the design lies in the fact that at the same density of mineral suspension it is possible to separate three products of beneficiation (concentrate, intermediate product, waste). The separator operation is based on both the expulsive hydrostatic force of the slurry and the force of its pressure flow.
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Date submitted2006-08-06
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Date accepted2006-10-23
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Date published2007-02-01
Effect of cooling rate on the solidification behavior of ac AlSi7Cu2 alloy
- Authors:
- L. A. Dobrzański
- R. Maniara
- J. Sokolowski
This paper describes the effect of cooling rate on grain size, SDAS and thermal characterization results of cast AC AlSi 7 Cu 2 alloy. The solidification process was studied from the cooling curve and crystallization curve at solidification rates from 0.16 to 0.71°C∙s -1 . It was found that the nucleation temperature of aluminum dendrites and the proportion of solid at the coherence point of dendrites increased with increasing solidification rate, indicating an increase in mass feeding. In addition, it was observed that the non-equilibrium solidus temperature and grain size of the constituent grains of the SDAS decreased with increasing solidification rate.
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Date submitted2006-08-06
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Date accepted2006-10-19
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Date published2007-02-01
Calculations of the radiation heat conduction coefficient in the bed of rods
- Authors:
- Dorota Kawka
- Rafał Wyczółkowski
- Lech Szecówka
Very often in many metallurgical processes, porous metal charge is heated. Such charge can be coils of wire, bundles of bars, pipes or any profiles, as well as many other small elements heated on a mass scale. Determining the optimum heating conditions for this kind of charge requires knowledge of its thermal properties. This paper presents a methodology for calculating the thermal properties of porous charge based on an appropriate mathematical model of heat transfer.
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Date submitted2006-08-14
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Date accepted2006-10-26
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Date published2007-02-01
Examination of energy and force parameters during rolling process using longitudinal slitting passes
- Authors:
- Mróz Sebastian
- Dyja Henryk
Bar rolling with longitudinal strip cutting requires the use of special mathematical models to account for metal tearing. For numerical modeling of the strip cutting process and calculation of energy and force parameters, the Forge3® computer program was used. Strip separation is performed by means of separating rollers, the shape of which must be properly designed according to the longitudinal rolling pass. In the strip separation rolling process, the separating rollers are not driven. The energy and force parameters required to rotate the rolls are determined by the driven working rolls. Therefore, empirical dependencies known from the literature for the calculation of energy and force parameters cannot be used to correctly determine these parameters when rolling strip in the slitting pass and during the separation itself. The use of FEM-based computer programs for solving problems of plasticity theory allows not only to determine energy and force parameters in complex plastic processing processes, but also to take into account a number of process features that are not taken into account by empirical formulas.
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Date submitted2006-08-20
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Date accepted2006-10-12
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Date published2007-02-01
Production aspects of ductility minimum emperature dmt phenomenon in as cast CuNi25 alloy
- Authors:
- R. Nowosielski
- P. Sakiewicz
- M. Lutyński
The paper gives an overview of the phenomenon of minimum ductility temperature (MTD) in single-phase copper-nickel alloy. The influence of this phenomenon on environmental and economic aspects of production is presented. The authors characterized the behavior of these materials in high-temperature tensile tests and described possible causes of this effect. High-temperature ductility tests proved the existence of a relationship between microstructure, strain rate and the magnitude of the ductility temperature minimum phenomenon.
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Date submitted2006-08-29
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Date accepted2006-10-11
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Date published2007-02-01
Theoretical analysis of metal flow velocity of bimetallic rod during extrusion process
- Authors:
- Szymon Berski
- Grzegorz Banaszek
- Henryk Dyja
The paper analyzes theoretical aspects of metal flow velocities in bimetallic rods during extrusion. Bimetal flow velocities for individual layers were analyzed using ExtrBim model and commercial software Forge2. The flow velocities of metal in individual layers were analyzed for different parameters.
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Date submitted2006-08-22
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Date accepted2006-10-18
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Date published2007-02-01
Efficiency of application of heap leaching technology at OAO Pokrovskiy Rudnik
- Authors:
- K. Yu. Sergunova
Gold is one of the main types of mineral raw materials, the application of which is very diverse. Gold mining largely determines the level of development of a state. The Russian Federation ranks third in the world in terms of undeveloped gold reserves and is currently increasing the volume of gold mining. Currently in Russia there is a positive trend towards the widespread use of alternative technologies of gold mining. These include extraction of gold from placer deposits, off-balance-sheet dumps, tailings of gold mining enterprises, as well as from some new deposits using highly efficient heap leaching technology, which has long been widely used in many foreign countries. Various methods of heap leaching have been developed for industrial application, which differ in the organization of main and auxiliary operations, designs of hydraulic structures and the nature of general technical measures. In the article the project of heap leaching plant operating at JSC "Pokrovsky GOK" is considered. The applied technology of gold extraction from solutions using ion-exchange resin Anionite AM-2B is described and possibilities of replacement of this technology by sorption of gold by coal-absorber are considered. Basic economic indicators for both variants are given.
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Date submitted2006-08-24
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Date accepted2006-10-28
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Date published2007-02-01
Real approach to Phillips’ curve
- Authors:
- Jiri Balcar
Since 1958, the year of Phillips’ paper «The Relation Between Unemployment and the Rate of Change In Money Wages in the United Kingdom, 1861-1957» publishing, a lot of modifications of the original Phillips’ curve have been made, whereas many of them have nearly nothing to do with the relationship described by original Phillips’ curve and they are rather inflation models or models of dynamic supply. It is the case of author’s «real» version of Phillips’ curve, which is derived in this paper, as well. Although «real» Phillips’ curve results from Phillips’ curve theory it describes a relationship between the labour productivity growth and the unemployment. The paper does not contain only the derivation of «real» Phillips’ curve, but also its empirical verification on the data bases of three developed countries, i.e. the USA, the United Kingdom and Denmark.
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Date submitted2006-08-25
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Date accepted2006-10-25
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Date published2007-02-01
Present time and prospect development of individual farms in klodzka dale after join to European Union
- Authors:
- Magdalena Bogusz
After Poland's accession to the European Union in 2004, Polish farmers were given a new opportunity to develop their farms with Structural Funds. The question is whether farmers should apply for additional payments and how farmers can use these additional funds.
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Date submitted2006-08-21
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Date accepted2006-10-11
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Date published2007-02-01
Project financing structures for the russian natural resources sector
- Authors:
- Thomas Schumann
The study examines how the lack of investment in the natural resource sector can be overcome through the application of project finance structures, which have not yet been used in Russia. The main characteristics of project finance are reviewed, its opportunities compared to traditional corporate finance are emphasized, the most common obstacles hindering the implementation of project finance schemes are considered, and the necessary steps to improve the situation are outlined.
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Date submitted2006-08-28
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Date accepted2006-10-08
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Date published2007-02-01
Position of HR department in the company of the 21 century
- Authors:
- Marta Znojek
The article studies the functional changes of HR departments in companies. Companies are classified by size and structure, general characterization of the respective HR departments is given, as well as the main functions of modern HR departments.
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Date submitted2006-08-16
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Date accepted2006-10-09
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Date published2007-02-01
Disasters and their influence on the investors behaviour on the world stock markets
- Authors:
- Marzena Baran
Terrorist attacks, tropical storms, earthquakes and many other types of disasters are the headlines of yesterday, today and tomorrow. The frightening regularity of such disasters beyond our control has exposed our vulnerability to hardship. Individual investors, in particular, are gravitating toward the worst-case scenario, believing that any unprecedented risk will bring economic growth to a halt. An unforeseen state of affairs causes stock prices to plummet as panicked investors order sell, sell, and sell. But do these risks mean we should avoid the stock market altogether and keep our money under the mattress? And if not, how can we prevent our financial downfall when the market collapses in another crash? In my follow-up report, I cited three disasters as examples: the earthquake in Japan (January 17, 1995), the terrorist attack in New York City (September 11, 2001), and Hurricane Katrina (August 2005).
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Date submitted2006-08-27
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Date accepted2006-10-18
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Date published2007-02-01
Occupational health and safety management rules according to pier-merit program in polish coal mines
- Authors:
- Alicja Krzemień
- Aleksandra Dyszy
The article presents methods of implementing an occupational health and safety system that was implemented in Polish coal mines. Nine areas of occupational safety and health are presented, as well as an interpretation of the results obtained. The article emphasizes the importance of worker participation in the program. The results of the effectiveness of the system in a Polish coal mine (2003-2005) are also presented.
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Date submitted2006-08-25
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Date accepted2006-10-03
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Date published2007-02-01
Interaction of power engineering and living environment in the Czech Republic
- Authors:
- Zdeněk Galda
- Kateřina Kubenková
- Pavel Oravec
The Cideas Research Center is conducting a series of studies on housing redevelopment. The research concerns complex building-energy and technical-functional concepts for the redevelopment of houses built in the second half of the last century according to the serial scheme. Two objects from the Ostrava region were selected for this work - a panel house of series type T06B and a prefabricated frame building of type MS-OB. The reconstruction concept was considered from the point of view of building thermal engineering and energy consumption in accordance with Directive No. 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings.
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Date submitted2006-08-15
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Date accepted2006-10-21
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Date published2007-02-01
Alternative choice of the unemployed on the labor market
- Authors:
- V. M. Vasiltsova
- V. S. Vasiltsov
- I. V. Veter
The article considers the behavioral strategies of unemployed men and women in the conditions of economic reforms. Social, psychological and economic aspects are highlighted. The article identifies the causes of alternative choices in the conditions of unemployment and attempts to extrapolate them to the labor market.
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Date submitted2006-08-29
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Date accepted2006-10-06
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Date published2007-02-01
Development prospects of Nyurba Mining and Processing Plant
- Authors:
- O. A. Nechkina
The article is based on the materials collected during the production practice at the Nyurba Mining and Processing Plant of OAO ALROSA. The task of determining the prospects for development and improving the efficiency of the company's operations is set. It is proposed to build its own repair base for mining equipment, since its absence is a factor constraining further development of the plant.
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Date submitted2006-08-10
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Date accepted2006-10-25
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Date published2007-02-01
Analysis of OAO LENENERGO activity and results of its reorganization
- Authors:
- A. Yu. Nikolaeva
The current issue of reorganization of OAO Lenenergo, one of the largest power companies in St. Petersburg, has been considered, and the analysis of the main results of the company's activity in 2004 has been carried out. At present, the companies created in the course of reorganization have already been established, but the process of their formation to achieve the target configuration has not been completed yet.
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Date submitted2006-08-23
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Date accepted2006-10-18
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Date published2007-02-01
Economic evaluation of the effectiveness of investment projects of diamond mining industry
- Authors:
- N. V. Smirnova
The diamond mining industry occupies an important place in the Russian economy. In this regard, it is of great importance to increase the investment activity of promising foreign projects consisting in the construction and reconstruction of existing diamond mining enterprises. The article analyzes the diamond market, indicates the main prospects and trends of its development, considers the basic methodology for assessing the effectiveness of investment projects, and evaluates the effectiveness of investment projects to increase ore production using economically significant criteria.
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Date submitted2006-08-23
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Date accepted2006-10-13
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Date published2007-02-01
Estimation of foam drilling mud stability using digital image processing
- Authors:
- A. Ipatov
Foam stability is an important factor for many engineering applications, including oil and gas practice. The evaluation of formation behavior in drilling fluid foam is essential for efficient drilling operations. Several aspects such as high pressure and temperature, change in foam state over time, surfactant characteristics, etc. need to be considered. At present, none of the existing models considering these parameters are well developed. In this paper, foam stability is studied using digital image processing. Laboratory studies were carried out using a conventional surfactant with a given solution concentration and at fixed values of pressure and temperature. Images of the foam were taken at intervals during each test. They were further analyzed using digital image processing technology and interpreted as numerical parameters: average bubble size, bubble roundness (compactness), etc. as a function of time. The results of such interpretation allow us to assess the stability of the foam at each specific moment of time.
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Date submitted2006-08-17
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Date accepted2006-10-09
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Date published2007-02-01
Environmental condition of natural waters in the territory of the City of Tomsk
- Authors:
- E. Yu. Pasechnik
Cities and urban agglomerations have an active anthropogenic impact on all components of the environment, including the hydrosphere as a particularly vulnerable component of the environment. The city of Tomsk is an old industrial city, there are no isolated industrial, residential and green zones, so the pollution of natural waters on its territory is complex. The purpose of this work is to study the ecological state of natural waters of Tomsk, to identify the features of pollution and their possible sources. For this purpose, water samples were taken from various sources, as well as from the Tom and Ushayka rivers.
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Date submitted2006-08-15
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Date accepted2006-10-07
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Date published2007-02-01
Mine waste management in upper silesian coal basin (USCB)
- Authors:
- Jacek Nowak
- Aleksander Frejowski
The article discusses some issues of coal mine waste management in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Due to environmental and economic conditions, the amount of waste generated at present has decreased, while the amount of recovered or recycled waste has increased. The main uses of reclaimed waste are backfilling of mine workings, leveling works and other construction works. Old coal dumps are also reclaimed and developed for recreational functions or used as alternative sources of natural fill material. Land reclaimed as a result of spoil heaps is finding new uses because the Upper Silesia Coal Basin lacks attractive centrally located sites.
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Date submitted2006-08-25
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Date accepted2006-10-08
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Date published2007-02-01
Specific support actions which improve researcher’s mobility as examples of projects carrying out at the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice, Poland
- Authors:
- Maria Galuszko
Poland's membership in the European Union means new challenges for the country and Polish universities, including the Silesian University of Technology, which is actively involved in cooperation with the countries of the European Union. Within the 5th Framework Program 18 projects were implemented, and 17 projects are being implemented within the 6th Framework Program. Two of them, the ECOnetus project and the ERA-MORE project, are presented in this article.
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Date submitted2006-08-20
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Date accepted2006-10-19
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Date published2007-02-01
Feasibility study of CO2 storage in closed coal mines
- Authors:
- Marcin A. Lutyński
- Piotr Sakiewicz
Increasing demand for energy leads to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The most dangerous greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, whose emissions will double in the next 20 years. The paper presents the concept and feasibility study of CO2 storage in abandoned coal mines as one of the methods of CO2 sequestration. The main advantages of this method are: close location to the source of emissions, low cost of storage, high capacity of abandoned mine workings as well as remaining coal seams. The main obstacles to the realization of this method are: gas migration to the surface as a result of former mining operations and flooding of mines, proper sealing of all surface connections (shafts, adits, etc.), gas leakage over a long period of time and material stability in aggressive environment. The paper presents the concept of high pressure CO2 storage and the CO2 storage regime in a coal mine.
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Date submitted2006-08-23
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Date accepted2006-10-10
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Date published2007-02-01
The pharmaceuticals removal by means of AOPs
Recent studies of the aquatic environment have revealed the presence of drugs in sewage treatment plant effluents, treated wastewater and surface water, which means incomplete metabolism of drugs in the human body. These substances, both in unchanged form and in the form of biologically active forms, are present in the environment and affect living organisms. Most pharmaceuticals are characterized by a stable chemical structure, and it is not possible to remove them by conventional methods used in wastewater treatment plants. Thus, the danger of accumulation of drugs over many years appears to be real. Chemical methods are required for their removal from the environment. Methods based on ad valorem oxidation processes (AOPs) utilize free hydroxyl radicals that react non-selectively with many organic substances due to their high normal potential. AOPs include chemical and photochemical oxidation processes, such as ozone and hydrogen peroxide oxidation, photochemical dissociation by ultraviolet radiation, Fenton reactions (hydrogen peroxide - divalent iron ion system) and photochemical Fenton reaction, as well as combinations and modifications of these processes.
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Date submitted2006-08-26
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Date accepted2006-10-22
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Date published2007-02-01
The directions of development as a chance for small family farms
- Authors:
- Małgorzata Mielczarek
The survey was conducted in 2004 in Radków district among family farmers. The results show that there is no single direction in the development of agriculture. There are family farms with organic, integrated and traditional production methods, which coexist with each other. Agricultural activities account for 1/3 of the degradation of the natural environment in the region. The authorities are required to support pro-environmental activities and link the future of the region to the development of agro-tourism and organic food production.
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Date submitted2006-08-28
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Date accepted2006-10-21
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Date published2007-02-01
Problems of the protection of mining terrains in the mining industry of zinc and lead ores
- Authors:
- Monika Piskorz
The article characterizes the peculiarities of underground mining of zinc and lead ores and its specific results on the relief surface. On the example of mining region of Poland, the problems of detection of rupture deformations, methods of prevention and elimination of these phenomena are presented. A special problem in this region is represented by old, historical mining operations. Negative results of the former mining practices are observed even nowadays. Depletion of zinc and lead ore deposits and partly economic reasons lead to the liquidation of some mining areas. In particular, such liquidation requires safety of underground parts of the mine, equalization of water relations and reclamation of the ground surface. Mining operations within the boundaries of the region under consideration require coordination of tasks within the framework of ongoing operation and actions to establish appropriate infrastructure and management of the area.
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Date submitted2006-08-03
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Date accepted2006-10-07
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Date published2007-02-01
Environmental effect of air/fuel staging and flue gas recirculation on NOx formation - experimental and numerical analysis
- Authors:
- Poskart Monika
- Lech Szecówka
This paper includes both experimental and modeling studies of nitrogen oxides abatement. The tests were carried out in a quartz combustion chamber using laboratory equipment that allows measuring all thermal and chemical parameters of the process. An experimental test rig was constructed to determine the effect of the following "primary methods" on NOx concentration reduction: air staging, afterburning and flue gas recirculation. The effect of simultaneous use of the primary methods on NOx reduction was also studied. An obligatory element of experimental studies is numerical modeling of combination processes.
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Date submitted2006-08-19
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Date accepted2006-10-02
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Date published2007-02-01
Nitrification of high ammonia concentrations in membrane bioreactors - microbiological aspect
- Authors:
- Anna Raszka
- Joanna Surmacz-Górska
Activated sludge-based wastewater treatment is known to be one of the most effective and popular methods of wastewater treatment. Activated sludge, which is a mixture of microorganisms, is an excellent material for research both in the field of microbiology and technology, which allows finding a way to efficiently utilize various chemicals. This study investigates temporal changes in the microbial community on the membranes of bioreactor bioreactors of wastewater treatment plants whose wastewater contains large amounts of ammonia nitrogen. Knowledge of species composition and its variability over time in response to environmental factors is important from both microbial ecology and technological perspectives. The aim of this study was to compare the composition of the activated sludge community at two different sludge ages. The analysis was performed to assess the abundance of the main species and the structure of the bacterial community, mainly using ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria as examples. The aim of the short report is to familiarize the reader with the problems of increasing loads of nitrogen compounds due to various anthropogenic activities. It is clear that protecting our water resources is of great importance on a global scale.
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Date submitted2006-08-26
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Date accepted2006-10-19
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Date published2007-02-01
Acoustic requirements for constructions in central Europe
- Authors:
- Pavel Oravec
- Zdeněk Galda
- Kateřina Kubenková
Noise is one of the most widespread harmful substances in the working and living environment. It has become a problem in recent times, when the development of industry and transportation has reached an unusual acceleration.
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Date submitted2006-08-14
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Date accepted2006-10-26
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Date published2007-02-01
Justification of rational parameters of perspective technological schemes of layer mining of thick hollow coal seams
- Authors:
- D. Yu. Nikishin
- D. V. Osminin
Perspective technological schemes of layer mining of thick gentle seams of Kuzbass are analyzed. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the influence of the 2nd layer overworking when determining the ultimate capacity of the interlayer coal bundle. Analytical studies of stress-strain state of the overworked massif have been carried out. The dimensions of the zones of unstrengthened coal have been determined and recommendations for determining the ultimate thickness of the protective bundle have been given.