<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-7765</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/7765</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Экология и охрана окружающей среды</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Nitrification of high ammonia concentrations in membrane bioreactors - microbiological aspect</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Raszka</surname>
            <given-names>Anna </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Raszka</surname>
              <given-names>Anna </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Raszka</surname>
              <given-names>Anna </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>pmi@spmi.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Силезский технологический университет (Польша)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Silesian University of Technology (Poland)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Surmacz-Górska</surname>
            <given-names>Joanna </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Surmacz-Górska</surname>
              <given-names>Joanna </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Surmacz-Górska</surname>
              <given-names>Joanna </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>pmi@spmi.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Силезский технологический университет (Польша)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Silesian University of Technology (Poland)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2007-04-11">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2007</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2007</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>170</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>254</fpage>
      <lpage>257</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2006-08-19">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2006</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2006-10-02">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2006</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2007-04-11">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2007 Anna  Raszka, Joanna  Surmacz-Górska</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2007 Anna  Raszka, Joanna  Surmacz-Górska</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2007</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Anna  Raszka, Joanna  Surmacz-Górska</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Anna  Raszka, Joanna  Surmacz-Górska</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/7765">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/7765</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Очистка сточных вод при помощи активированного ила является одним из наиболееэффективных и распространенных методов очистки загрязненных вод. Активированный ил,являющийся смесью микроорганизмов, представляет собой великолепный материал как длямикробиологических, так и технологических исследований, ставящих целью нахождениеспособа эффективной утилизации различных химикатов. Данное исследование изучает вре-менные изменения в микробном сообществе на мембранах биореакторов очистных заводов,чьи сточные воды содержат большое количество аммиачного азота. Знание видового соста-ва и его изменчивости во времени в зависимости от факторов окружающей среды важно какс точки зрения экологии микроорганизмов, так и с технологической точки зрения. Задачейисследования являлось сравнение состава микробного сообщества активированного иладвух различных возрастов. Анализ проводился для оценки концентрации основных видовбактерий и структуры бактериального сообщества и сосредотачивался в основном на бакте-риях, окисляющих аммиак и нитриты. Основной задачей является ознакомление читателейс проблемой увеличивающейся нагрузки на окружающую среду со стороны азотсодержа-щих соединений в результате разнообразных видов человеческой деятельности. Очевидно,что охрана водных ресурсов является первостепенной задачей в мировом масштабе.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Activated sludge-based wastewater treatment is known to be one of the most effective and popular methods of wastewater treatment. Activated sludge, which is a mixture of microorganisms, is an excellent material for research both in the field of microbiology and technology, which allows finding a way to efficiently utilize various chemicals. This study investigates temporal changes in the microbial community on the membranes of bioreactor bioreactors of wastewater treatment plants whose wastewater contains large amounts of ammonia nitrogen. Knowledge of species composition and its variability over time in response to environmental factors is important from both microbial ecology and technological perspectives. The aim of this study was to compare the composition of the activated sludge community at two different sludge ages. The analysis was performed to assess the abundance of the main species and the structure of the bacterial community, mainly using ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria as examples. The aim of the short report is to familiarize the reader with the problems of increasing loads of nitrogen compounds due to various anthropogenic activities. It is clear that protecting our water resources is of great importance on a global scale.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreadakis, A.D.: Physical and chemical properties of activated sludge flocs. Wat. Res. 27(12), 1701-1714 (1993).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cicek N., Macomber J., Davel J., Suidan M. T., Audic J., Genestet P.: Effect of solids retention time on the performance and biological characteristics of a membrane bioreactor. Wat. Sci. and Tech. 43/11, 43–50 (2001).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi, E., Eum, Y., Gil, K., Oa, S.: High strenght nitrogen removal from nightsoil and piggery wastes. Wat. Sci. Technol. 49/5-6, 97-104 (2004).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engelhardt N., Firk W., Warnken W.: Integration of membrane filtration into the activated sludge process in municipal wastewater treatment. Wat. Sci. and Tech. 38/4 – 5, 429 – 436 (1998).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fan X.J., Urbain V., Qian Y., Manem J.: Nitrification and mass balance with a membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment. Wat. Sci. and Tech. 34/1 – 2, 129 – 136 (1996).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fan X.J., Urbain V., Qian Y., Manem J., Ng W.J., Ong S.L.: Nitrification in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for wastewater treatment. Wat. Sci. and Tech. 42/3 – 4, 289 – 295 (2000).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fux, C.: Biological nitrogen elimination of ammonium-rich sludge digester liquids. Doctoral Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (2003).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gernaey, K., Verschuere, L., Luyten, L., Verstraete, W.: Fast and sensitive acute toxicity detection with as enrichment nitrifying culture. Wat. Res. 69 (6), 1163-1169 (1997).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghyoot W., Vandaele S., Verstraete W. Nitrogen removal from sludge reject water with a membrane – assisted bioreactor. Wat. Res. 33/1, 23 – 32 (1999).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Griffiths, B.S.: The effect of protozoa grazing on nitrification-implications from the application of organic wastes applied to siols. In: Hansen, A.A., Henriksen, K., editors. Nitrogen in Organic Wastes Applied to Soils. London: Academic Press, 37-46 (1989).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gűnder B, Krauth K. Replacement of secondary clarification by membrane separation – results with tubular, plate and hollow fibre modules. Wat. Sci. and Tech. 40/4 – 5, 311 – 320 (1999).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hao, X., Martinez, J.: Removing nitrate and ammonium from drainage water by simulation of natural biological processess. Wat. Res. 32/3, 936-943 (1998).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kishino H., Ishida H., Iwabu H., Nakano I.: Domestic wastewaters reuse using a submerged membrane bioreactor. Desalination 106, 115 – 119 (1996).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee, N.M., Welander, T.: Influence of predators on nitrification in anaerobic biofilm process. Wat. Sci. Technol. 29/7, 335-63 (1994).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manoharan, R., Liptak, S., Parkinson, P., Mavinic, D.: Denitrification of a high ammonia leachate using an external carbon source. Environ. Tech. Letters 10, 701-716 (1989).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martinez, J.: A soil treatment process of pig slurry with subsequent denitrification of drainage water. J. Agric. Engng. Res. 66/1, 51-62 (1997).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgan, J.W., Forster, C.F., Evison, L.: A comparative study of the nature of biopolymers extracted from anaerobic and activated sludges. Wat. Res. 24(6), 743-750 (1990).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Resink, J. H., Rulkens, W. H.: Using metazoan to reduce sludge production. Wat. Sci. Technol. 36/11, 171-179 (1997).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenberger, S., Kraume, M.: Filterability of activated sludge in membrane bioreactors Desalination 146, 373-379 (2002).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt, I., Sliekers, O., Schmid, M. Bock, E., Fuerst, J., Gijs Kuenen, J., .Jetten, M., Strous, M.: New concepts of microbial treatment processes for the nitrogen removal in wastewater. Microbiology Reviews 27, 481-492 (2003).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sundermeyer, H., Bock, E.: Energy metabolism of autotrophically and heterotrophically grown cells of Nitrobacter winogradskyi. Arch.Microbiol. 130, 250-254 (1981).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
