<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-7726</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/7726</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геодезия, геомеханика и подземное строительство</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geodesy, geomechanics and underground construction</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Application of fractal dimension theory for the estimation of spatial variability of soil parameters</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Misciorak</surname>
            <given-names>Michał </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Misciorak</surname>
              <given-names>Michał </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Misciorak</surname>
              <given-names>Michał </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>pmi@spmi.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Сельскохозяйственный университет Вроцлава (Польша)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Agriculture University of Wroclaw (Poland)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Janik</surname>
            <given-names>Grzegorz </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Janik</surname>
              <given-names>Grzegorz </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Janik</surname>
              <given-names>Grzegorz </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>pmi@spmi.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Сельскохозяйственный университет Вроцлава (Польша)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Agriculture University of Wroclaw (Poland)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2007-04-11">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2007</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2007</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>170</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>107</fpage>
      <lpage>109</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2006-08-15">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2006</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2006-10-16">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2006</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2007-04-11">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2007 Michał  Misciorak, Grzegorz  Janik</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2007 Michał  Misciorak, Grzegorz  Janik</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2007</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Michał  Misciorak, Grzegorz  Janik</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Michał  Misciorak, Grzegorz  Janik</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/7726">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/7726</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Цель работы — оценка стабильности вариограмм, используемых для определенияпространственной изменчивости влагоемкости. Анализ базируется на измерении влагоем-кости почвы, взятой с глубины 10 см ниже уровня поверхности. Исследования проводи-лись в городе Зисва Вхесхка Варминско-Мазурского воеводства, на лугопастбищныхугодьях. Исследования позволили построить влажностные вариограммы для №» = 40 иоценить фрактальные размеры. На основе измерений и анализа было установлено, чтостабильность вариограмм является удовлетворительной в случае, если они основываютсяна 20 сравниваемых пар точек измерения. Высокое значение фрактального размерар = 1,8 подтверждает, что влагоемкость на изучаемой территории высока. Значение фрак-тального размера стабилизируется в случае, если оно оценивается на основе вариограмм,построенных для 30 точек сравнения.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>This work aims to estimate stability of variograms used for estimation of spatial variability of moisture. The analysis is based on soil moisture measurement taken at the depth of 10 cmbelow the ground level. The research took place in Sucha Rzeczka town at warmińsko-mazurskie voivodeship, on the greenland. The research allowed to construct moisture variograms for Nmax = 40 and to estimate fractal dimension. According to the measurements and analysis it has been ascertained that the stability of variograms is satisfying when they are constructed for at least 20 compared pairs of measurement points. The high value of fractal dimension D = 1,8 proves that the randomness of moisture in the examined area is high. Fractal dimension value stabilizes when it is estimated on the basis of variograms constructed for at least 30 compared points.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandyk T., Gnatowski T., Szatyłowicz J. 1995. Zmienność przestrzenna właściwości fizycznych w glebie torfowo murszowej. Materiały Seminaryjne IMUZ, nr 34, Falenty: 273–280.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janik G. 2005. Spatial variability of soil moisture in grassland. Int. Agrophysics 19: 37–45.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Usowicz B. 1999. Application of geostatistical analysis and fractal theory for the investigation of moisture dynamics in soil profile of cultivated field. Acta Agrophysica 22: 229–243.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Usowicz B., REJMAN J. 2000. Spatial distribution of topsoil water content along a loess hillslope transect. Acta Agrophysica 35: 201–210.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walczak R., Usowicz B. 1994. Variability of moisture, temperature and thermal properties in bare soil and in corp field. Int. Agrophysics, 8, 161-168.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
